Bài 15: Các trường hợp bằng nhau của tam giác vuông
Hoạt động 3 (Trang 76, SGK Toán 7, Bộ Kết nối tri thức với cuọc sống, Tập 1)
<p><strong>C&acirc;u hỏi 5 (Trang 76 SGK To&aacute;n lớp 7 - Bộ Kết nối tri thức với cuộc sống, Tập 1):</strong></p> <p>H&igrave;nh 4.47 m&ocirc; phỏng chiều d&agrave;i v&agrave; độ dốc của hai con dốc bởi c&aacute;c đường thẳng BC, B'C' v&agrave; c&aacute;c g&oacute;c B, B'. Khi đ&oacute; AC, A'C' m&ocirc; tả độ cao của hai con dốc.</p> <p>a) Dựa v&agrave;o trường hợp bằng nhau g&oacute;c - cạnh - g&oacute;c của hai tam gi&aacute;c, h&atilde;y giải th&iacute;ch v&igrave; sao hai tam gi&aacute;c vu&ocirc;ng ABC v&agrave; A'B'C' bằng nhau.</p> <p>b) So s&aacute;nh độ cao của hai con dốc.</p> <p><img class="wscnph" style="max-width: 100%;" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/01062022/z3459203508949_a6ffec5a30e56071b37615c7d249f0c2-u1KBi4.jpg" /></p> <p><strong><em>Hướng dẫn giải:</em></strong></p> <p>X&eacute;t tam gi&aacute;c ABC, ta c&oacute;: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>A</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>+</mo><mover><mi>B</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>+</mo><mover><mi>C</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>180</mn><mo>&#176;</mo></math></p> <p>Do đ&oacute;:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>C</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>180</mn><mo>&#176;</mo><mo>-</mo><mover><mi>A</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>-</mo><mover><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#160;</mo></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mn>1</mn></mfenced></math></p> <p>X&eacute;t tam gi&aacute;c A'B'C', ta c&oacute;:</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>+</mo><mover><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>+</mo><mover><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>180</mn><mo>&#176;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>D</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>&#273;</mi><mi>&#243;</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>180</mn><mo>&#176;</mo><mo>-</mo><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>-</mo><mover><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mn>2</mn></mfenced></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>M</mi><mi>&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mi>A</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>-</mo><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>90</mn><mo>&#176;</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mi>B</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>T</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>g</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>&#7843;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>&#7871;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>n</mi><mi>&#234;</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>&#7915;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mn>1</mn></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mn>2</mn></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#243;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mi>C</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></math></p> <p>X&eacute;t tam gi&aacute;c ABC v&agrave; A'B'C', ta c&oacute;:</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>g</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>&#7843;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>&#7871;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>BC = B'C' <em>(theo giả thiết)</em></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>g</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>&#7843;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>&#7871;</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>V</mi><mi>&#7853;</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>n</mi><mi>&#234;</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>C</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#7841;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>h</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>&#432;</mi><mi>&#417;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>&#7913;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>Hay hai con dốc c&oacute; độ cao bằng nhau.</p> <p>Vậy hai con dốc c&oacute; độ cao bằng nhau.</p>
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