Bài 3: Phương trình đường thẳng trong không gian
Hướng dẫn giải Hoạt động 1 (Trang 82 SGK Toán Hình học 12)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề b&agrave;i</strong></p> <p>Trong kh&ocirc;ng gian <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>O</mi><mi>x</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>z</mi></math>&nbsp;cho điểm&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mfenced><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>;</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></mfenced></math><span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 21.78px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;M&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"></math><mrow><mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mn><br /></mn></mrow></mrow></span></span>&nbsp;v&agrave; hai điểm <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mfenced><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>;</mo><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>;</mo><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfenced></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mfenced><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>t</mi><mo>;</mo><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>t</mi><mo>;</mo><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfenced></math>&nbsp;di</p> <p>động với tham số <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>t</mi></math>. H&atilde;y chứng tỏ ba điểm&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><mo>&nbsp;</mo><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><mo>&nbsp;</mo><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> lu&ocirc;n thẳng h&agrave;ng.</p> <div class="content_method_container"> <p class="content_method_header"><strong class="content_method">Phương ph&aacute;p giải - Xem chi tiết</strong></p> <div class="content_method_content"> <p>Ba điểm <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><mo>&nbsp;</mo><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><mo>&nbsp;</mo><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math>&nbsp;thẳng h&agrave;ng nếu hai trong ba v&eacute;c tơ <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><mo>&rarr;</mo></mover><mo>,</mo><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mover><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mo>&rarr;</mo></mover><mo>,</mo><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mover><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mo>&rarr;</mo></mover></math>&nbsp;c&ugrave;ng phương.</p> <p>Do đ&oacute; chỉ cần kiểm tra hai v&eacute;c tơ bất k&igrave; c&ugrave;ng phương, sử dụng l&yacute; thuyết&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><mo>&rarr;</mo></mover><mo>,</mo><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mover><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mo>&rarr;</mo></mover></math> c&ugrave;ng phương nếu tồn tại</p> <p>một số thực&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>k</mi></math> sao cho <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><mo>&rarr;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mi>k</mi><mover><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mo>&rarr;</mo></mover></math>.</p> </div> </div> <p><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p> <p>&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><mo>&rarr;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>;</mo><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mover><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mo>&rarr;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mfenced><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>t</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&rArr;</mo><mover><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mo>&rarr;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mover><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><mo>&rarr;</mo></mover></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&rArr;</mo><mover><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><mo>&rarr;</mo></mover></math> v&agrave;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></mrow><mo>&rarr;</mo></mover></math> c&ugrave;ng phương</p> <p>&nbsp;Do đ&oacute; ba điểm <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><mo>&nbsp;</mo><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><mo>&nbsp;</mo><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> lu&ocirc;n thẳng h&agrave;ng.</p>
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