Bài 2: Hệ bất phương trình bậc nhất hai ẩn
Thực hành 1 (Trang 34 SGK Toán 10 - Bộ Chân Trời Sáng Tạo, Tập 1)
<p><strong>Thực h&agrave;nh 1 (Trang 34, SGK To&aacute;n 10, Tập 1 - Bộ Ch&acirc;n Trời S&aacute;ng Tạo mới nhất)</strong></p> <p>H&atilde;y chỉ ra hai nghiệm của mỗi hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh trong V&iacute; dụ 1.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>Hướng dẫn giải</strong></em></span></p> <p>a) Hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mn>3</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8804;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>L</mi><mi>&#7845;</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#7863;</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>&#7889;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#243;</mi><mo>:</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mfenced open="{" close=""><mrow><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8804;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>&#7887;</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>&#227;</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <p>Do đ&oacute; cặp số (0; 0) l&agrave; một nghiệm của hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh đ&atilde; cho.</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>L</mi><mi>&#7845;</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#7863;</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>&#7889;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#243;</mi><mo>:</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mfenced open="{" close=""><mrow><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8804;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>&#7887;</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>&#227;</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <p>Do đ&oacute; cặp số (0; 1) l&agrave; một nghiệm của hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh đ&atilde; cho.</p> <p>Vậy hai cặp số (0; 0), (0; 1) l&agrave; nghiệm của hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mn>3</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8804;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>c) Hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>y</mi><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#60;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math><span id="MathJax-Element-5-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 21.78px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mfenced open=&quot;{&quot; close=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;mtable equalrows=&quot;true&quot; equalcolumns=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;mtr&gt;&lt;mtd&gt;&lt;mi&gt;y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;#x2212;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mtd&gt;&lt;/mtr&gt;&lt;mtr&gt;&lt;mtd&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;#x2265;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mtd&gt;&lt;/mtr&gt;&lt;/mtable&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-110" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-111" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-112" class="mjx-mfenced"><span id="MJXc-Node-113" class="mjx-mo"></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>L</mi><mi>&#7845;</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#7863;</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>&#7889;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#243;</mi><mo>:</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mfenced open="{" close=""><mrow><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#60;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>&#7887;</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>&#227;</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <p>Do đ&oacute;, cặp số (0; 0) l&agrave; một nghiệm của hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh đ&atilde; cho.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>L</mi><mi>&#7845;</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#7863;</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>&#7889;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#243;</mi><mo>:</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mfenced open="{" close=""><mrow><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#60;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>&#7887;</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>&#227;</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <p>Do đ&oacute;, cặp số (1; 0) l&agrave; một nghiệm của hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh đ&atilde; cho.</p> <p>Vậy hai cặp số (0; 0) v&agrave; (1; 0) l&agrave; nghiệm của hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>y</mi><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#60;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>d) Hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8804;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>L</mi><mi>&#7845;</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#7863;</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>&#7889;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#243;</mi><mo>:</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mfenced open="{" close=""><mrow><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8804;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>&#7887;</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>&#227;</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <p>Do đ&oacute; cặp số (0; 0) l&agrave; một nghiệm của hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh bất phương tr&igrave;nh đ&atilde; cho.</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>L</mi><mi>&#7845;</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#7863;</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>&#7889;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#243;</mi><mo>:</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8804;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>&#7887;</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>&#227;</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></math><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mn></mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p>Do đ&oacute;, cặp số (1; 1) l&agrave; một nghiệm của hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh đ&atilde; cho.</p> <p>Vậy hai cặp số (0; 0) v&agrave; (1; 1) l&agrave; c&aacute;c nghiệm của hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8804;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p>
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