Bài 2: Hệ bất phương trình bậc nhất hai ẩn
Lý thuyết Hệ bất phương trình bậc nhất hai ẩn
<h2><strong>1. Kh&aacute;i niệm hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh bậc nhất hai ẩn</strong></h2> <p>+) Hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh bậc nhất hai ẩn l&agrave; một hệ gồm hai hay nhiều bất phương tr&igrave;nh bậc nhất hai ẩn.</p> <p>V&iacute; dụ:</p> <p>2x + 3y &gt; 10</p> <p>5x+3y&lt;-8</p> <p>+) Cặp số&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 19.36px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-56" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-57" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-58" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">(</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-59" class="mjx-texatom"><span id="MJXc-Node-60" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-61" class="mjx-msubsup"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-62" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">x</span></span></span><sub><span class="mjx-sub"><span id="MJXc-Node-63" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">0</span></span></span></sub></span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-64" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">;</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-65" class="mjx-texatom MJXc-space1"><span id="MJXc-Node-66" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-67" class="mjx-msubsup"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-68" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">y</span></span></span><sub><span class="mjx-sub"><span id="MJXc-Node-69" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">0</span></span></span></sub></span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-70" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">)</span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;l&agrave;&nbsp;<strong>nghiệm</strong>&nbsp;của một hệ BPT bậc nhất hai ẩn khi&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-4-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 19.36px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-71" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-72" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-73" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">(</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-74" class="mjx-texatom"><span id="MJXc-Node-75" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-76" class="mjx-msubsup"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-77" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">x</span></span></span><sub><span class="mjx-sub"><span id="MJXc-Node-78" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">0</span></span></span></sub></span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-79" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">;</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-80" class="mjx-texatom MJXc-space1"><span id="MJXc-Node-81" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-82" class="mjx-msubsup"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-83" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">y</span></span></span><sub><span class="mjx-sub"><span id="MJXc-Node-84" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">0</span></span></span></sub></span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-85" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">)</span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;đồng thời l&agrave; nghiệm của tất cả c&aacute;c BPT trong hệ đ&oacute;.</p> <p>V&iacute; dụ: cặp số&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-5-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 19.36px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-86" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-87" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-88" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">(</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-89" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">7</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-90" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">;</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-91" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">0</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-92" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">)</span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;l&agrave; một nghiệm của hệ BPT&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-6-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 19.36px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;{&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtable columnalign=&quot;left&quot; rowspacing=&quot;4pt&quot; columnspacing=&quot;1em&quot;&gt;&lt;mtr&gt;&lt;mtd&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi&gt;y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mtd&gt;&lt;/mtr&gt;&lt;mtr&gt;&lt;mtd&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;#x2212;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;#x2264;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mtd&gt;&lt;/mtr&gt;&lt;/mtable&gt;&lt;mo fence=&quot;true&quot; stretchy=&quot;true&quot; symmetric=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-93" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-94" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-95" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-96" class="mjx-mo"></span></span></span></span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>10</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&le;</mo><mn>7</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mtable columnalign="left" rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"><mtr><mtd><mn></mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo></mrow></math></span></p> <h2><strong>2. Biểu diễn miền nghiệm của hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh bậc nhất hai ẩn tr&ecirc;n mặt phẳng tọa độ</strong></h2> <p>+) Trong mặt phẳng tọa độ Oxy, tập hợp c&aacute;c điểm c&oacute; tọa độ l&agrave; nghiệm của hệ bất phương tr&igrave;nh bậc nhất hai ẩn l&agrave;&nbsp;<strong>miền nghiệm</strong>&nbsp;của hệ BPT đ&oacute;.</p> <p>+) Miền nghiệm của hệ l&agrave; giao c&aacute;c miền nghiệm của c&aacute;c bất phương tr&igrave;nh trong hệ.</p> <p>+)&nbsp;<strong>Biểu diễn miền nghiệm của một hệ BPT bậc nhất hai ẩn:</strong></p> <p>Bước 1: Tr&ecirc;n c&ugrave;ng một mặt phẳng tọa độ, biểu diễn miền nghiệm của mỗi bất phương tr&igrave;nh của hệ.</p> <p>Bước 2: Phần giao của c&aacute;c miền nghiệm l&agrave; miền nghiệm của hệ BPT.</p> <h2><strong>3. T&igrave;m gi&aacute; trị lớn nhất hoặc gi&aacute; trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức F = ax + by tr&ecirc;n một miền đa gi&aacute;c</strong></h2> <p>Cho hệ BPT bậc nhất hai ẩn x, y c&oacute; miền nghiệm l&agrave; miền đa gi&aacute;c&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-7-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 19.36px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-117" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-118" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-119" class="mjx-texatom"><span id="MJXc-Node-120" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-121" class="mjx-msubsup"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-122" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span></span><sub><span class="mjx-sub"><span id="MJXc-Node-123" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">1</span></span></span></sub></span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-124" class="mjx-texatom"><span id="MJXc-Node-125" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-126" class="mjx-msubsup"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-127" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span></span><sub><span class="mjx-sub"><span id="MJXc-Node-128" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">2</span></span></span></sub></span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-129" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">.</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-130" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">.</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-131" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">.</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-132" class="mjx-texatom MJXc-space1"><span id="MJXc-Node-133" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-134" class="mjx-msubsup"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-135" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span></span><sub><span class="mjx-sub"><span id="MJXc-Node-136" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">n</span></span></span></sub></span></span></span></span></span></span>.</p> <p>Khi đ&oacute;: Gi&aacute; trị lớn nhất (hay nhỏ nhất) của biể thức&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-8-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 19.36px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-137" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-138" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-139" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">F</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-140" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">(</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-141" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">x</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-142" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">;</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-143" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">y</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-144" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">)</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-145" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">=</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-146" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">m</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-147" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">x</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-148" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space2"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">+</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-149" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space2"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">n</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-150" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">y</span></span></span></span></span>, với&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-9-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 19.36px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-151" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-152" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-153" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">(</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-154" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">x</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-155" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">;</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-156" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">y</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-157" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">)</span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;l&agrave; tọa độ c&aacute;c điểm thuộc miền đa gi&aacute;c&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-10-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 19.36px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-158" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-159" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-160" class="mjx-texatom"><span id="MJXc-Node-161" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-162" class="mjx-msubsup"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-163" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span></span><sub><span class="mjx-sub"><span id="MJXc-Node-164" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">1</span></span></span></sub></span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-165" class="mjx-texatom"><span id="MJXc-Node-166" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-167" class="mjx-msubsup"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-168" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span></span><sub><span class="mjx-sub"><span id="MJXc-Node-169" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">2</span></span></span></sub></span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-170" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">.</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-171" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">.</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-172" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">.</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-173" class="mjx-texatom MJXc-space1"><span id="MJXc-Node-174" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-175" class="mjx-msubsup"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-176" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span></span><sub><span class="mjx-sub"><span id="MJXc-Node-177" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">n</span></span></span></sub></span></span></span></span></span></span>, đạt được tại một trong c&aacute;c đỉnh của đa gi&aacute;c đ&oacute;.</p>
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