Bài 3: Hằng đẳng thức đáng nhớ
Bài 9 trang 22 Toán 8 tập 1
<p><strong>B&agrave;i 9 trang 22 To&aacute;n 8 Tập 1:&nbsp;</strong>a) Cho x + y = 12 v&agrave; xy = 35. T&iacute;nh (x &minus; y)<sup>2</sup>.</p> <p>b) Cho x &ndash; y = 8 v&agrave; xy = 20. T&iacute;nh (x + y)<sup>2</sup>.</p> <p>c) Cho x + y = 5 v&agrave; xy = 6. T&iacute;nh x<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;+ y<sup>3</sup>.</p> <p>d) Cho x &ndash; y = 3 v&agrave; xy = 40. T&iacute;nh x<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;&ndash; y<sup>3</sup>.</p> <p><strong>Lời giải:</strong></p> <div class="teads-adCall">&nbsp;</div> <p>a) Ta c&oacute;: (x &minus; y)<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;= x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&ndash; 2xy + y<sup>2</sup></p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+ 2xy + y<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&ndash; 4xy</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = (x + y)<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&ndash; 4xy</p> <p>Thay x + y = 12 v&agrave; xy = 35 v&agrave;o biểu thức tr&ecirc;n ta c&oacute;:</p> <p>(x &minus; y)<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;= 12<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&ndash; 4.35 = 144 &ndash; 140 = 4.</p> <p>b) Ta c&oacute;: (x + y)<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;= x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+ 2xy + y<sup>2</sup></p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&ndash; 2xy + y<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+ 4xy</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = (x &ndash; y)<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+ 4xy</p> <p>Thay x &ndash; y = 8 v&agrave; xy = 20 v&agrave;o biểu thức tr&ecirc;n ta c&oacute;:</p> <p>(x + y)<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;= 8<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+ 4.20 = 64 + 80 = 144.</p> <p>c) Ta c&oacute;: x<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;+ y<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;= (x + y).(x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&ndash; xy + y<sup>2</sup>)</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = (x + y).(x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+ 2xy + y<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&ndash; 3xy)</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = (x + y).[(x + y)<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&ndash; 3xy]</p> <p>Thay x + y = 5 v&agrave; xy = 6 v&agrave;o biểu thức tr&ecirc;n ta c&oacute;:</p> <p>x<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;+ y<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;= 5.(5<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&ndash; 3.6) = 5.(25 &ndash; 18) = 5.7 = 35.</p> <p>d) Ta c&oacute;: x<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;&ndash; y<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;= (x &ndash; y).(x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+ xy + y<sup>2</sup>)</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = (x &ndash; y).(x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&ndash; 2xy + y<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+ 3xy)</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; = (x &ndash; y).[(x &ndash; y)<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+ 3xy]</p> <p>Thay x &ndash; y = 3 v&agrave; xy = 40 v&agrave;o biểu thức tr&ecirc;n ta c&oacute;:</p> <p>x<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;&ndash; y<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;= 3.(3<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&ndash; 3.40) = 3.(9 &ndash; 120) = 5.(&ndash;111) = &ndash;555.</p> <div class="google-auto-placed ap_container">&nbsp;</div>
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