Bài 2: Phương trình mặt phẳng
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 4 (Trang 80 SGK Toán Hình học 12)
<p>Lập phương tr&igrave;nh của mặt phẳng:</p> <p>a) Chứa trục Ox v&agrave; điểm P(4;-1;2);</p> <p>b) Chứa trục Oy v&agrave; điểm Q(1;4;-3);</p> <p>c) Chứa trục Oz v&agrave; điểm R(3;-4;7).</p> <p><strong>Giải:</strong></p> <p>a) Mặt phẳng&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&#945;</mi></mfenced></math> chứa P(4;-1;2) v&agrave; trục Ox th&igrave;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&#945;</mi></mfenced></math> c&oacute; cặp vectơ chỉ phương l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>i</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo></math>.</p> <p>Do đ&oacute;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&#945;</mi></mfenced></math> c&oacute; vec tơ ph&aacute;p tuyến l&agrave;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>n</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mfenced open="[" close="]"><mrow><mover><mi>i</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover><mo>,</mo><mover><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover></mrow></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>.</mo></math></p> <p>Phương tr&igrave;nh của&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&#945;</mi></mfenced></math> l&agrave;:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#8660;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo></math></p> <p>b)&nbsp;Mặt phẳng&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&#946;</mi></mfenced></math> chứa Q(1;4;-3) v&agrave; trục Oy th&igrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&#946;</mi></mfenced></math> c&oacute; cặp vectơ chỉ phương l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>j</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></math>.</p> <p>Do đ&oacute;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&#946;</mi></mfenced></math> c&oacute; vectơ ph&aacute;p tuyến l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>n</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mfenced open="[" close="]"><mrow><mover><mi>j</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover><mo>,</mo><mover><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>Q</mi></mrow><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover></mrow></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>.</mo></math></p> <p>Phương tr&igrave;nh của&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&#946;</mi></mfenced></math> l&agrave;:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#8660;</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo></math></p> <p>c)&nbsp;Mặt phẳng <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&#947;</mi></mfenced></math> chứa R(3;-4;7) v&agrave; trục Oz th&igrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&#947;</mi></mfenced></math> c&oacute; cặp vectơ chỉ phương l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>k</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>;</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>)</mo></math>.</p> <p>Do đ&oacute;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&#947;</mi></mfenced></math> c&oacute; vectơ ph&aacute;p tuyến l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>n</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mfenced open="[" close="]"><mrow><mover><mi>k</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover><mo>,</mo><mover><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover></mrow></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>.</mo></math></p> <p>Phương tr&igrave;nh của&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&#947;</mi></mfenced></math> l&agrave;:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo></math></p>
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