Bài 17. Dấu của tam thức bậc hai
Hướng dẫn Giải Bài 6.18 (Trang 24 SGK Toán 10, Bộ Kết nối tri thức, Tập 2)
<p><strong>B&agrave;i 6.18 (Trang 24 SGK To&aacute;n 10, Bộ Kết nối tri thức, Tập 2)</strong></p> <p>Một vật được n&eacute;m theo phương thẳng đứng xuống dưới từ độ cao 320 m với vận tốc ban đầu v<sub>0</sub>&nbsp;= 20 m/s. Hỏi sau &iacute;t nhất bao nhi&ecirc;u gi&acirc;y, vật đ&oacute; c&aacute;ch mặt đất kh&ocirc;ng qu&aacute; 100 m? Giả thiết rằng sức cản của kh&ocirc;ng kh&iacute; l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng đ&aacute;ng kể?</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Hướng dẫn giải</strong></span></em></p> <p>Qu&atilde;ng đường vật rơi được sau t(s) l&agrave;:&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-18-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; color: #000000; font-family: OpenSans, Tahoma, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;h&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;20&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;mn&gt;.9&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8.&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9.&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;20&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-152" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-153" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-154" class="mjx-mi"></span></span></span></span><br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>h</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>20</mn><mi>t</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>.</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>8</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>.</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msup><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>9</mn><mi>t</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>20</mn><mi>t</mi></math></p> <p>Để vật c&aacute;ch mặt đất kh&ocirc;ng qu&aacute; 100m th&igrave;&nbsp;</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>320</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>h</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8804;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>9</mn><msup><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>20</mn><mi>t</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>220</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></math></p> <p>Tam thức&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>9</mn><msup><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>20</mn><mi>t</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>220</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#243;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8710;</mo><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msqrt><mn>1178</mn></msqrt><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#62;</mo><mn>0</mn></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo></math> f9t) c&oacute; 2 nghiệm ph&acirc;n biệt&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msqrt><mn>1178</mn></msqrt></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msqrt><mn>1178</mn></msqrt></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow></mfrac></math></p> <p>Mặt kh&aacute;c a=1&gt;0 n&ecirc;n ta c&oacute; bảng x&eacute;t dấu:<br /><br /><img class="wscnph" style="max-width: 100%;" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/19102022/52-HryloC.png" /></p> <p>Do t &gt; 0 n&ecirc;n&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>t</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msqrt><mn>1178</mn></msqrt></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8776;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>5</mn></math></p> <p>Vậy sau &iacute;t nhất khoảng 5 <span id="MathJax-Element-24-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; color: #000000; font-family: OpenSans, Tahoma, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-307" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-308" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-309" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">s</span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>s</mi></math></span></span> th&igrave; vật đ&oacute; c&aacute;ch mặt đất kh&ocirc;ng qu&aacute; 100m.<br /><br /></p>
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