Bài 7. Trường hợp đồng dạng thứ ba
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 44 (Trang 80 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 2)
<p><strong>Đề b&agrave;i</strong><br />Cho tam gi&aacute;c ABC c&oacute; c&aacute;c cạnh AB=24cm, AC=28cm. Tia ph&acirc;n gi&aacute;c của g&oacute;c A cắt cạnh BC tại D. Gọi M, N theo thứ tự' l&agrave; h&igrave;nh chiếu của B v&agrave; C tr&ecirc;n AD.<br />a) T&iacute;nh tỉ số <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></math><br />b) Chứng minh rằng <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></math></p> <p><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p> <p><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2018/0718/b44-trang-80-sgk-toan-8-t2-c2.jpg" /></p> <p>a) AD l&agrave; đường ph&acirc;n gi&aacute;c của&nbsp;∆ABC (gt)&nbsp;<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></math> (t&iacute;nh chất đường ph&acirc;n gi&aacute;c của tam gi&aacute;c)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>24</mn><mn>28</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>6</mn><mn>7</mn></mfrac></math><br />M&agrave; BM//CN (c&ugrave;ng vu&ocirc;ng g&oacute;c với AD).<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#916;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mo>~</mo><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mstyle></math> (Theo định l&iacute;: Một đường thẳng cắt hai cạnh của tam gi&aacute;c v&agrave; song song với cạnh c&ograve;n lại tạo th&agrave;nh một tam gi&aacute;c mới đồng dạng với tam gi&aacute;c đ&atilde; cho)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></math> (t&iacute;nh chất 2 tam gi&aacute;c đồng dạng)<br />vậy <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>6</mn><mn>7</mn></mfrac></mstyle></math><br />b) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mstyle></math> v&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mstyle></math> c&oacute;:<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></mstyle></math> (AD l&agrave; ph&acirc;n gi&aacute;c)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>90</mn><mo>&#8728;</mo></msup></mstyle></math><br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mo>~</mo><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mstyle></math><br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></math> (1) (t&iacute;nh chất 2 tam gi&aacute;c đồng dạng)<br />M&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></math> (2) (chứng minh c&acirc;u a)<br />v&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mstyle></math> (do <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#916;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mo>~</mo><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#916;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mstyle></math>)<br />Từ (1), (2) v&agrave; (3)<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo></math></p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
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