Bài 7. Trường hợp đồng dạng thứ ba
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 35 (Trang 79 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 2)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề b&agrave;i</strong></p> <p>Chứng minh rằng nếu tam gi&aacute;c&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;#x2032;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;#x2032;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;#x2032;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>&prime;</mo></msup><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>&prime;</mo></msup><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>&prime;</mo></msup></math></span></span> đồng dạng với tam gi&aacute;c <span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></math></span></span>&nbsp;theo tỉ số&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>k</mi></math></span></span>&nbsp;th&igrave; tỉ số của hai đường ph&acirc;n gi&aacute;c tương ứng của ch&uacute;ng cũng bằng&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-4-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>k</mi></math></span></span>.</p> <p><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p> <p><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2018/0718/b35-trang-79-sgk-toan-8-t2-c2.jpg" /></p> <p>Gọi <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mstyle></math> lần lượt l&agrave; đường ph&acirc;n gi&aacute;c của hai tam gi&aacute;c <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>;</mo><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mstyle></math><br />Ta c&oacute;: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#916;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>~</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math> theo tỉ số <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></math><br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>&#8658;</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></mrow><mo mathvariant="italic">&#8195;</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>^</mo></mover></mstyle></math> (t&iacute;nh chất hai tam gi&aacute;c đồng dạng)<br />AD l&agrave; ph&acirc;n gi&aacute;c g&oacute;c <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></mstyle></math> (gt)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>&#8658;</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></mrow><mo mathvariant="italic">&#8195;</mo></mstyle></math> (2) (t&iacute;nh chất tia ph&acirc;n gi&aacute;c)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mstyle></math> l&agrave; ph&acirc;n gi&aacute;c g&oacute;c <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mrow><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></mstyle></math> (gt)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>&#8658;</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></mrow><mo mathvariant="italic">&#8195;</mo></mstyle></math> (3) (t&iacute;nh chất tia ph&acirc;n gi&aacute;c)<br />Từ' (1),(2) v&agrave; (3) suy ra: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></mstyle></math><br />X&eacute;t <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#916;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mstyle></math> v&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mstyle></math> c&oacute;:<br />+) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>^</mo></mover></mstyle></math><br />+) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></mstyle></math> (chứng minh tr&ecirc;n)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#916;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>~</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mstyle></math><br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mfrac><mrow><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mi>k</mi></mstyle></math> ( cặp cạnh tương ứng tỉ lệ)<br /><br /><br /></p>
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