Bài 7. Trường hợp đồng dạng thứ ba
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 40 (Trang 80 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 2)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề bài</strong></p>
<p>Cho tam giác <span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-1" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-2" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-3" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-4" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-5" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></math></span></span>, trong đó <span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>15</mn><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>C</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>20</mn><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-6" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-7" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-8" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-9" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-10" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">=</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-11" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">15</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-12" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">c</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-13" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">m</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-14" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-15" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-16" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-17" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">=</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-18" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">20</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-19" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">c</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-20" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">m</span></span></span></span></span>. Trên hai cạnh <span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></math></span></span> và <span id="MathJax-Element-4-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>C</mi></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>C</mi></math></span></span> lần lượt lấy điểm <span id="MathJax-Element-5-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>D</mi></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>D</mi></math></span></span>và <span id="MathJax-Element-6-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>E</mi></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>E</mi></math></span></span> sao cho <span id="MathJax-Element-7-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>8</mn><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>6</mn><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-35" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-36" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-37" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-38" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-39" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">=</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-40" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">8</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-41" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">c</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-42" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">m</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-43" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-44" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-45" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">E</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-46" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">=</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-47" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">6</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-48" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">c</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-49" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">m</span></span></span></span></span>. Hai tam giác <span id="MathJax-Element-8-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></math></span></span> và <span id="MathJax-Element-9-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>E</mi></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>E</mi></math></span></span> có đồng dạng với nhau không? Vì sao?</p>
<p><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2018/0718/b40-trang-80-sgk-toan-8-t2-c2.jpg" /></p>
<p>Ta có: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>6</mn><mn>8</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>3</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>15</mn><mn>20</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>3</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mstyle></math></p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>⇒</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></math><br />Xét <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">△</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>D</mi></mstyle></math> và <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">△</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math> có:<br />+) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></math> (chứng minh trên)<br />+) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mi>A</mi><mo>^</mo></mover></mstyle></math> chung<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>⇒</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">△</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mo>~</mo><mo>⁢</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">△</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mo>-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">g</mi><mo>-</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mstyle></math></p>
<p> </p>
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