Bài 4: Đường Trung Bình Của Tam Giác - Hình Thang
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 24 (Trang 80 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 1)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề bài</strong></p>
<p>Hai điểm <span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-1" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-2" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-3" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span></span></span></span> và <span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>B</mi></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>B</mi></math></span></span> thuộc cùng một nửa mặt phẳng có bờ là đường <span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>.</mo></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>.</mo></math></span></span> Khoảng cách từ điểm <span id="MathJax-Element-4-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi></math></span></span> đến <span id="MathJax-Element-5-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi><mi>y</mi></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-15" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-16" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-17" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">x</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-18" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">y</span></span></span></span></span>bằng <span id="MathJax-Element-6-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>12</mn><mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>12</mn><mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi></math></span></span>, khoảng cách từ điểm <span id="MathJax-Element-7-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>B</mi></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-25" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-26" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-27" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span></span></span></span> đến <span id="MathJax-Element-8-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi><mi>y</mi></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi><mi>y</mi></math></span></span> bằng <span id="MathJax-Element-9-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>20</mn><mspace width="thinmathspace" /><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>.</mo></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-32" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-33" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-34" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">20</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-35" class="mjx-mspace"></span><span id="MJXc-Node-36" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">c</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-37" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">m</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-38" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">.</span></span></span></span></span> Tính khoảng cách từ trung điểm <span id="MathJax-Element-10-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-39" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-40" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-41" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span></span></span></span> của <span id="MathJax-Element-11-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-42" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-43" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-44" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-45" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B đến <span id="MathJax-Element-12-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>.</mo></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-46" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-47" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-48" class="mjx-mi">x</span><span id="MJXc-Node-49" class="mjx-mi">y</span><span id="MJXc-Node-50" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><strong><span class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></math>"><span class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span class="mjx-mrow"><span class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I"><span class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>.</mo></math>">Lời giải chi tiết</span></span></span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></math>"><span class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span class="mjx-mrow"><span class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I"><span class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>.</mo></math>"><img class="wscnph" style="max-width: 100%;" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/28062022/80676dca-e3db-45d8-98c3-c774b4f9a428.PNG" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></strong></p>
<p>Kẻ AH, CM, BK vuông góc với xy (H, M, K là chân đường vuông góc).<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>⇒</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>/</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>M</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>/</mo><mi>B</mi><mi>K</mi></mstyle></math> (cùng vuông góc với đường thẳng xy)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>⇒</mo></mstyle></math> Tứ giác ABKH là hình thang (dấu hiệu nhận biết hình thang)<br />Xét hình thang ABKH có: AC=CB (giả thiết)<br />CM//AH//BK (chứng minh trên)<br />Suy ra MH=MK (Đường thẳng đi qua trung điểm một cạnh bên của hình thang và song song với hai đáy thì đi qua trung điểm cạnh bên thứ hai)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>⇒</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>M</mi></mstyle></math> là đường trung bình của hình thang ABKH (dấu hiệu nhận biết đường trung bình của hình thang)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>⇒</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>H</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>K</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>12</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>20</mn></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>32</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>16</mn><mo>⁢</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>cm</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mstyle></math> (tính chất đường trung bình của hình thang)</p>
<p>Vậy khoảng cách từ trung điểm C của AB đến xy bằng 16cm.</p>
<p><span id="MathJax-Element-12-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>.</mo></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-46" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-47" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-48" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">x</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-49" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">y</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-50" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">.</span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><br /><br /></p>
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