Bài 3. Hàm số liên tục
Hướng dẫn giải Hoạt động 4 (Trang 139 SGK Toán Đại số & Giải tích 11)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề b&agrave;i</strong></p> <p>H&atilde;y t&igrave;m hai số a v&agrave; b thỏa m&atilde;n <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>&#60;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>&#60;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#60;</mo><mn>2</mn></math>, sao cho phương tr&igrave;nh trong V&iacute; dụ 3 ở tr&ecirc;n c&oacute; &iacute;t nhất một nghiệm thuộc khoảng <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>;</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow></mfenced></math>.</p> <p class="content_method_header"><strong class="content_method">Phương ph&aacute;p giải&nbsp;</strong></p> <div class="content_method_content"> <p>Chọn hai gi&aacute; trị bất k&igrave; thuộc khoảng <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>;</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfenced></math>&nbsp;v&agrave; kiểm tra t&iacute;ch hai gi&aacute; trị của ch&uacute;ng, nếu được kết quả nhỏ hơn <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>0</mn></math>&nbsp;th&igrave; đ&oacute; l&agrave; hai điểm cần t&igrave;m.</p> </div> <p><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p> <p>Ta c&oacute;: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>f</mi><mfenced><mi>x</mi></mfenced><mo>=</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>-</mo><mn>5</mn></math>.</p> <p>Chọn <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>5</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>7</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></math>&nbsp;thỏa m&atilde;n <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>&#60;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>&#60;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#60;</mo><mn>2</mn></math>.</p> <p>Ta thấy: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>f</mi><mfenced><mfrac><mn>5</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mn>35</mn><mn>64</mn></mfrac><mo>&#60;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>f</mi><mfenced><mfrac><mn>7</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>247</mn><mn>64</mn></mfrac><mo>&#62;</mo><mn>0</mn></math><span id="MathJax-Element-8-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 21.78px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;#x2212;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;35&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;64&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>,</mo></math></span></span> n&ecirc;n <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>f</mi><mfenced><mfrac><mn>5</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>.</mo><mi>f</mi><mfenced><mfrac><mn>7</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#60;</mo><mn>0</mn></math>.</p> <p>Vậy trong khoảng <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mrow><mfrac><mn>5</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>;</mo><mfrac><mn>7</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mrow></mfenced></math>&nbsp;th&igrave; phương tr&igrave;nh <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>f</mi><mfenced><mi>x</mi></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math>&nbsp;c&oacute; &iacute;t nhất một nghiệm.</p>
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