Ôn tập Chương II
Hướng dẫn Giải bài 8 (Trang 50, SGK Toán 10, Tập 1)
<p><strong>C&acirc;u hỏi:&nbsp;</strong>T&igrave;m tập x&aacute;c định của c&aacute;c h&agrave;m số:</p> <p>a)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>2</mn><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>+</mo><msqrt><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo></math></p> <p>b)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><msqrt><mn>2</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>x</mi></msqrt><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msqrt><mn>1</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi></msqrt></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo></math></p> <p>c)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#7899;</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8805;</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msqrt><mn>2</mn><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></msqrt><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#7899;</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#60;</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p><strong>Hướng dẫn giải:</strong></p> <p>a) H&agrave;m số&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>2</mn><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>+</mo><msqrt><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mo>&#160;</mo></math>x&aacute;c định khi v&agrave; chỉ khi&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#8800;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#8805;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>&#8660;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8800;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p>Vậy tập x&aacute;c định của h&agrave;m số&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>2</mn><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>+</mo><msqrt><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mo>&#160;</mo></math> l&agrave; D =&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>[</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>]</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>\</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>{</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>}</mo></math></p> <p>b) H&agrave;m số&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><msqrt><mn>2</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>x</mi></msqrt><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msqrt><mn>1</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi></msqrt></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo></math> x&aacute;c định khi&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mn>2</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8805;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8805;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8800;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>&#8660;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mn>2</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8805;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#62;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>&#8660;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8804;</mo><mfrac><mn>2</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#60;</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8660;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>;</mo><mfrac><mn>2</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac><mo>]</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8745;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>;</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>;</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>Biểu diễn tập x&aacute;c định như sau:</p> <p><img class="wscnph" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/07032022/563421e8-d4e0-4992-b410-0fbf182da4c2.JPG" /></p> <p>Vậy ta c&oacute; tập x&aacute;c định của h&agrave;m số l&agrave; D=<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>;</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>c) H&agrave;m số <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#7899;</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8805;</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msqrt><mn>2</mn><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></msqrt><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#7899;</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#60;</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p>+ X&eacute;t tr&ecirc;n nửa khoảng&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>[</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>)</mo><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></mfrac></math></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; +) H&agrave;m số x&aacute;c định khi x + 3 &ne;0 (lu&ocirc;n thỏa m&atilde;n với mọi x<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8805;</mo></math>1)</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; +) Vậy h&agrave;m số lu&ocirc;n x&aacute;c định tr&ecirc;n&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>[</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>+ X&eacute;t tr&ecirc;n khoảng&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></math>, ta c&oacute; h&agrave;m số x&aacute;c định khi&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8805;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#8660;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8804;</mo><mn>2</mn></math> (lu&ocirc;n thỏa m&atilde;n với mọi x&lt;1)</p> <p>Vậy h&agrave;m số lu&ocirc;n x&aacute;c định tr&ecirc;n&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>Vậy h&agrave;m số&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#7899;</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8805;</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msqrt><mn>2</mn><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></msqrt><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#7899;</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#60;</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math> x&aacute;c định tr&ecirc;n R.</p>
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