Ôn tập Chương II
Hướng dẫn Giải bài 12 (Trang 51, SGK Toán 10, Tập 1)
<p><strong>C&acirc;u hỏi</strong>: X&aacute;c định a, b, c biết parabol&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>a</mi><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi></math></p> <p>a) Đi qua ba điểm A(0;-1), B(1;-1) v&agrave; C(-1;1)</p> <p>b) C&oacute; đỉnh I(1;4) v&agrave; đi qua điểm D(3;0)</p> <p><strong>Hướng dẫn giải:</strong></p> <p>a) X&aacute;c định a, b, c biết parabol <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>a</mi><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi></math> đi qua ba điểm A(0;-1), B(1;-1) v&agrave; C(-1;1)</p> <p>Parabol đi qua A(0;-1) =&gt; - 1 = a.0<sup>2</sup> + b.0 + c =&gt; c = -1</p> <p>Parabol đi qua B(1;-1) =&gt; -1 = a.1<sup>2</sup> + b.1 + c =&gt; a + b + c = -1 M&agrave; c = -1 =&gt; a + b = 0&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (1)</p> <p>Parabol đi qua C(-1;1) =&gt; 1 = a.(-1)<sup>2</sup> + b.(-1) + c =&gt; a - b + c = 1 M&agrave; c = -1 =&gt; a - b = 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;(2)</p> <p>Từ (1) v&agrave; (2) ta c&oacute;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>&#8660;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>b</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p>Vậy a = 1, b = -1, c = -1</p> <p>b) X&aacute;c định a, b, c biết parabol&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>a</mi><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi></math> c&oacute; đỉnh I(1;4) v&agrave; đi qua điểm D(3;0)</p> <p>Parabol c&oacute; đỉnh I(1;4) =&gt;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>a</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math></p> <p>Parabol đi qua điểm I(1;4) =&gt;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>a</mi><mo>.</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>.</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></math></p> <p>Parabol đi qua điểm D(3;0) =&gt;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>0</mn><mo>=</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>.</mo><msup><mn>3</mn><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>&#8658;</mo><mn>9</mn><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>b</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math></p> <p>Ta c&oacute; hệ phương tr&igrave;nh 3 ẩn:</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mn>2</mn><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>9</mn><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>b</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>&#8660;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>b</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p>Vậy a = -1, b = 2 v&agrave; c = 3.</p>
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