Bài tập cuối chương VI
Hướng dẫn Giải Bài 6.31 (Trang 28 SGK Toán 10, Bộ Kết nối tri thức, Tập 2)
<p><strong>B&agrave;i 6.31 (Trang 28 SGK To&aacute;n 10, Bộ Kết nối tri thức, Tập 2)</strong></p> <p>X&aacute;c định parabol (P): y = ax<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+ bx + 3 trong mỗi trường hợp sau:&nbsp;</p> <p>a) (P) đi qua hai điểm A(1; 1) v&agrave; B(&ndash; 1; 0);</p> <p>b) (P) đi qua điểm M(1; 2) v&agrave; nhận đường thẳng x = 1 l&agrave;m trục đối xứng;&nbsp;</p> <p>c) (P) c&oacute; đỉnh l&agrave; I(1; 4).&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Hướng dẫn giải</strong></span></em></p> <p>a) Theo giải thiết, 2 điểm A(1; 1) v&agrave; B(-1; 0) thuộc parabol P): y = ax<sup>2</sup> + bx + 3 n&ecirc;n ta c&oacute;:</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>b</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p>Vậy h&agrave;m số cần t&igrave;m l&agrave;:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#8201;</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo></math></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>b) Parapol nhận x = 1 l&agrave;m trục đối xứng&nbsp;</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mi>b</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>a</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>a</mi><mo>.</mo></math></p> <p>Điểm M(1; 2) thuộc parabol n&ecirc;n</p> <p>a + b + 3 = 2&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo></math> Ta c&oacute; hệ phương tr&igrave;nh:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mrow><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>a</mi></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8658;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mrow><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>b</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>&#160;</mo></mrow></mfenced></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <p>Vậy phương tr&igrave;nh parabol (P): y = x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;&ndash; 2x + 3.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>c) Parabol c&oacute; đỉnh l&agrave; I(1; 4), ta c&oacute;:</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mrow><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mi>b</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>a</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mrow><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>b</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>a</mi></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#8201;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>b</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></mrow></mfenced></mrow></mfenced></math>&nbsp;</p> <p>Vậy phương tr&igrave;nh parabol (P): y = &ndash; x<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;+ 2x + 3.&nbsp;</p>
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