Bài 4: Bất Phương Trình Bậc Nhất Một Ẩn
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 34 (Trang 49 SGK Toán Đại số 8, Tập 2)
<p><em><strong>Đố. </strong></em>T&igrave;m sai lầm trong c&aacute;c "lời giải" sau:</p> <p>a) Giải bất phương tr&igrave;nh: -2x&gt;23. Ta c&oacute;:&nbsp;</p> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#62;</mo><mn>23</mn><mo>&#8660;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#62;</mo><mn>23</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#8660;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#62;</mo><mn>25</mn></math></p> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Vậy nghiệm của bất phương tr&igrave;nh l&agrave; x&gt;25.</p> <p>b) Giải bất phương tr&igrave;nh&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow><mn>7</mn></mfrac><mi>x</mi><mo>&#62;</mo><mn>12</mn></math>. Ta c&oacute;:</p> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow><mn>7</mn></mfrac><mi>x</mi><mo>&#62;</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>&#8660;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>.</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow><mn>7</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#62;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>.</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>&#8660;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#62;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>28</mn></math></p> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Vậy nghiệm của bất phương tr&igrave;nh l&agrave; x&gt;-28</p> <p><em><strong>Hướng dẫn:</strong></em></p> <p>a) Viết&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#62;</mo><mn>23</mn><mo>&#8660;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#62;</mo><mn>23</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></math> l&agrave; sai, v&igrave; để xuất hiện x từ bất phương tr&igrave;nh -2x&gt;23 ta cần &aacute;p dụng quy tắc nh&acirc;n:</p> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#60;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>.</mo><mn>23</mn></math><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Vậy <span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#62;</mo><mn>23</mn><mo>&#8660;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#60;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>23</mn></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p> <p>b) Viết <span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow><mn>7</mn></mfrac><mi>x</mi><mo>&#62;</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>&#8660;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>.</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow><mn>7</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#62;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>.</mo><mn>12</mn></math> l&agrave; sai, v&igrave; nh&acirc;n hai vế với số &acirc;m&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow><mn>3</mn></mfrac></math> phải đổi chiều dấu bất đẳng thức.</p> <p>Cần giải lại l&agrave;:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow><mn>7</mn></mfrac><mi>x</mi><mo>&#62;</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>&#8660;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>.</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow><mn>7</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#60;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>.</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#60;</mo><mn>28</mn></math></p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
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