Bài 3: Diện Tích Tam Giác
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 19 (Trang 122 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 1)
<p><strong>LG a.</strong></p>
<p>Xem hình <span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>133.</mn></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-1" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-2" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-3" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">13</span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3.</mn></math></span></span> Hãy chỉ ra các tam giác có cùng diện tích (lấy ô vuông làm đơn vị diện tích):</p>
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<p><strong>Phương pháp giải:</strong></p>
<p>Đếm số ô vuông và áp dụng công thức tính diện tích tam giác.</p>
<p><strong>Lời giải chi tiết:</strong></p>
<p>Các tam giác số <span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>6</mn></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-4" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-5" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-6" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">1</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-7" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-8" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">3</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-9" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-10" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">6</span></span></span></span></span> có cùng diện tích là <span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-11" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-12" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-13" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">4</span></span></span></span></span> ô vuông.</p>
<p>Các tam giác số <span id="MathJax-Element-4-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>8</mn></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>8</mn></math></span></span> có cùng diện tích là <span id="MathJax-Element-5-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn></math></span></span> ô vuông.</p>
<p>Các tam giác số <span id="MathJax-Element-6-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>7</mn></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-22" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-23" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-24" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">4</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-25" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-26" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">5</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-27" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-28" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">7</span></span></span></span></span> không có cùng diện tích với các tam giác nào khác (diện tích tam giác số <span id="MathJax-Element-7-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-29" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-30" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-31" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">4</span></span></span></span></span> là <span id="MathJax-Element-8-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>5</mn></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>5</mn></math></span></span> ô vuông, tam giác số <span id="MathJax-Element-9-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>5</mn></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-35" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-36" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-37" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">5</span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>5</mn></math></span></span> là <span id="MathJax-Element-10-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>5</mn></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-38" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-39" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-40" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">4</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-41" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-42" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">5</span></span></span></span></span> ô vuông, tam giác số <span id="MathJax-Element-11-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>7</mn></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>7</mn></math></span></span> là <span id="MathJax-Element-12-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>5</mn></math>"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>5</mn></math></span></span> ô vuông).</p>
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<p><strong>LG b.</strong></p>
<p>Hai tam giác có diện tích bằng nhau thì có bằng nhau hay không?</p>
<p><strong>Phương pháp giải:</strong></p>
<p>Đếm số ô vuông và áp dụng công thức tính diện tích tam giác.</p>
<p><strong>Lời giải chi tiết:</strong></p>
<p>Hai tam giác có diện tích bằng nhau thì chưa chắc hai tam giác đó đã bằng nhau.</p>
<p>Vì diện tích của tam giác là nửa tích của độ dài đáy với chiều cao tương ứng của đáy, nên chỉ cần tích của đáy với chiều cao tương ứng bằng nhau thì hai tam giác đó có diện tích bằng nhau. Các tam giác này không chắc là bằng nhau </p>
<p>- Ví dụ như các tam giác <span id="MathJax-Element-13-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>6</mn></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-51" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-52" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-53" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">1</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-54" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-55" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">3</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-56" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-57" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">6</span></span></span></span></span> có cùng diện tích nhưng không bằng nhau.</p>
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