Bài 3: Hình Thang Cân
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 14 (Trang 75 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 1)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề b&agrave;i</strong></p> <p>Trong c&aacute;c tứ gi&aacute;c&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-1" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-2" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-3" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-4" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-5" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-6" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;v&agrave;&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-7" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-8" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-9" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">E</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-10" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">F</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-11" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">G</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-12" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">H</span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;tr&ecirc;n giấy kẻ &ocirc; vu&ocirc;ng (h.<span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;31&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-13" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-14" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-15" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">31</span></span></span></span></span>), tứ gi&aacute;c n&agrave;o l&agrave; h&igrave;nh thang c&acirc;n? V&igrave; sao?</p> <p><img src="https://vietjack.com/giai-toan-lop-8/images/bai-14-trang-75-sgk-toan-8-tap-1.PNG" alt="Giải b&agrave;i 14 trang 75 To&aacute;n 8 Tập 1 | Giải b&agrave;i tập To&aacute;n 8" /></p> <p><strong>Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p> <p>(Coi mỗi cạnh của 1 &ocirc; vu&ocirc;ng nhỏ l&agrave; 1cm)<br />+ X&eacute;t tứ gi&aacute;c ABCD<br />Nhận thấy AB//CD<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&rArr;</mo></mstyle></math> Tứ gi&aacute;c ABCD l&agrave; h&igrave;nh thang.<br />Lấy th&ecirc;m điểm K như h&igrave;nh vẽ, ta c&oacute; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>K</mi><mo>=</mo><mpadded><mn>4</mn></mpadded><mo>⁢</mo><mi>cm</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>K</mi><mo>=</mo><mpadded><mn>1</mn></mpadded><mo>⁢</mo><mi>cm</mi></math><br />X&eacute;t <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">△</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>K</mi></mstyle></math> vu&ocirc;ng tại K, theo định l&yacute; Pytago ta c&oacute;:<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mi>K</mi><mo>⁢</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>4</mn><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>17</mn></math><br />Tương tự, từ h&igrave;nh vẽ ta c&oacute; BD l&agrave; cạnh huyền của tam gi&aacute;c vu&ocirc;ng c&oacute; độ d&agrave;i 2 cạnh g&oacute;c vu&ocirc;ng l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mi>cm</mi></math> v&agrave; 1cm<br />Theo định l&yacute; Pytago ta c&oacute;: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi>D</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>4</mn><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>17</mn></math><br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&rArr;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mpadded><msup><mi>D</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mpadded><mo>⁢</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mo>&rArr;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>⁢</mo></math><br />Vậy h&igrave;nh thang ABCD c&oacute; hai đường ch&eacute;o AC=BD n&ecirc;n l&agrave; h&igrave;nh thang c&acirc;n.</p>
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