Bài 3: Hình Thang Cân
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 12 (Trang 74 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 1)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề b&agrave;i</strong></p> <p>Cho h&igrave;nh thang c&acirc;n&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mspace width=&quot;thickmathspace&quot; /&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-1" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-2" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-3" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-4" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-5" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-6" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-7" class="mjx-mspace"></span><span id="MJXc-Node-8" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">(</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-9" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-10" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-11" class="mjx-texatom"><span id="MJXc-Node-12" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-13" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">/</span></span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-14" class="mjx-texatom"><span id="MJXc-Node-15" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-16" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">/</span></span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-17" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-18" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-19" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-20" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-21" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-22" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">&lt;</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-23" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-24" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-25" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">)</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-26" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">.</span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;Kẻ đường cao&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-27" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-28" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-29" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-30" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">E</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-31" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-32" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-33" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">F</span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;của h&igrave;nh thang. Chứng minh rằng&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-34" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-35" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-36" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-37" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">E</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-38" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">=</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-39" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-40" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">F</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-41" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span class="mjx-mrow"><span class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R"><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><img src="https://vietjack.com/giai-toan-lop-8/images/bai-12-trang-74-sgk-toan-8-tap-1-1.PNG" alt="Giải b&agrave;i 12 trang 74 To&aacute;n 8 Tập 1 | Giải b&agrave;i tập To&aacute;n 8" /></p> <p>V&igrave; ABCD l&agrave; h&igrave;nh thang c&acirc;n (giả thiết)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&rArr;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">D</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mpadded><mi>C</mi></mpadded></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>C</mi><mo>^</mo></mover></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></mstyle></math> (t&iacute;nh chất h&igrave;nh thang c&acirc;n)<br />X&eacute;t hai tam gi&aacute;c vu&ocirc;ng AED v&agrave; BFC c&oacute;:<br />+) AD=BC (chứng minh tr&ecirc;n)<br />+) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>C</mi><mo>^</mo></mover></mstyle></math> (chứng minh tr&ecirc;n)<br />Suy ra <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&Delta;</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&Delta;</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math> (cạnh huyền - g&oacute;c nhọn)<br />Suy ra: DE=CF (2 cạnh tương ứng).</p> <p><span class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true">&nbsp;</span></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
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