Bài 9: Hình Chữ Nhật
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 62 (Trang 99 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 1)
<p>C&aacute;c c&acirc;u sau đ&uacute;ng hay sai ?</p> <p><img class="wscnph" style="max-width: 100%;" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/05072022/b62-trand-99-sdk-toan-8-t-1-c2-nYfRPU.jpg" /></p> <p><strong>LG a.</strong></p> <p>Nếu tam gi&aacute;c&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></math></span></span>&nbsp;vu&ocirc;ng tại&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi></math></span></span>&nbsp;th&igrave; điểm&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi></math></span></span>&nbsp;thuộc đường tr&ograve;n c&oacute; đường k&iacute;nh l&agrave;&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-4-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></math></span></span>&nbsp;(h.<span id="MathJax-Element-5-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;88&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-16" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-17" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-18" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">88</span></span></span></span></span>)</p> <p><strong>Phương ph&aacute;p giải:</strong></p> <p>&Aacute;p dụng t&iacute;nh chất: Trong tam gi&aacute;c vu&ocirc;ng, đường trung tuyến ứng với cạnh huyền bằng nửa cạnh ấy.</p> <p><strong>Lời giải chi tiết:</strong></p> <p>Đ&uacute;ng.&nbsp;</p> <p>Gọi O l&agrave; trung điểm của&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-7-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>.</mo></math></span></span>&nbsp;Ta c&oacute;&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-8-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-27" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-28" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-29" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>O</mi></math></span></span>&nbsp;l&agrave; trung tuyến ứng với cạnh huyền&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-9-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></math></span></span>&nbsp;của tam gi&aacute;c vu&ocirc;ng&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-10-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-35" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-36" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-37" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-38" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-39" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi>O</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mstyle></math> hay OC=OA=OB (Trong tam gi&aacute;c vu&ocirc;ng, đường trung tuyến ứng với cạnh huyền bằng nửa cạnh ấy)<br />N&ecirc;n A, B, C c&ugrave;ng thuộc đường tr&ograve;n b&aacute;n k&iacute;nh OA. Vậy C thuộc đường tr&ograve;n đường k&iacute;nh AB.<br /><strong>LG b.</strong><br />Nếu điểm C thuộc đường tr&ograve;n c&oacute; đường k&iacute;nh l&agrave; AB(C kh&aacute;c A v&agrave; B) th&igrave; tam gi&aacute;c ABC vu&ocirc;ng tại C (h.89).<br />Phương ph&aacute;p giải:<br />&Aacute;p dụng t&iacute;nh chất: Tam gi&aacute;c c&oacute; đường trung tuyến ứng với một cạnh bằng nửa cạnh ấy th&igrave; tam gi&aacute;c đ&oacute; l&agrave; tam gi&aacute;c vu&ocirc;ng.<br />Lời giải chi tiết:<br />Đ&uacute;ng.<br />Gọi O l&agrave; t&acirc;m đường tr&ograve;n. Suy ra CO=AO=OB (= b&aacute;n k&iacute;nh) m&agrave; AB l&agrave; đường k&iacute;nh n&ecirc;n AB=2R<br />Suy ra <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>O</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>O</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math><br />Tam gi&aacute;c ABC c&oacute; trung tuyến CO v&agrave; CO bằng nửa cạnh AB (chứng minh tr&ecirc;n ) n&ecirc;n tam gi&aacute;c ABC vu&ocirc;ng tại C (trong tam gi&aacute;c c&oacute; đường trung tuyến ứng với một cạnh bằng nửa cạnh ấy th&igrave; tam gi&aacute;c đ&oacute; l&agrave; tam gi&aacute;c vu&ocirc;ng).</p>
Xem lời giải bài tập khác cùng bài