Ôn tập chương 2
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 47 (Trang 133 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 1)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề b&agrave;i</strong></p> <p>Vẽ ba đường trung tuyến của một tam gi&aacute;c (h.<span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;162&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>162</mn></math></span></span>). Chứng minh s&aacute;u tam gi&aacute;c:&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-4" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-5" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-6" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">1</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-7" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-8" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">2</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-9" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-10" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">3</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-11" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-12" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">4</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-13" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-14" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">5</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-15" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-16" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">6</span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;c&oacute; diện t&iacute;ch bằng nhau.&nbsp;</p> <p><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2018/0716/b47-trang-133-sgk-toan-8-t-1-c2.jpg" /></p> <p><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p> <p>Theo t&iacute;nh chất của trung tuyến, suy ra:</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mstyle></math> (c&oacute; đ&aacute;y bằng nhau v&agrave; c&ugrave;ng chiều cao) (1)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mstyle></math> (c&oacute; đ&aacute;y bằng nhau v&agrave; c&ugrave;ng chiều cao) (2)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>5</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>6</mn></msub></mstyle></math> (c&oacute; đ&aacute;y bằng nhau v&agrave; c&ugrave;ng chiều cao) (3)</p> <p>Lại c&oacute;: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>5</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mspace/><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></mstyle></math> (4)<br />Kết hợp (4) với (1), (2), (3) suy ra <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>6</mn></msub></mstyle></math><br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mpadded><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>6</mn></msub></mpadded><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8658;</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>o</mi><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">&#38;</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8658;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mn>4</mn><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi>V</mi><mi>&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>5</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>Kết hợp (5) với (1), (2), (3) suy ra<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>5</mn></msub></mstyle></math><br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#8290;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#8290;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>5</mn></msub></mstyle></math><br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#8290;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#8290;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mstyle></math> (do <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>5</mn></msub></mstyle></math>)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#8290;</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mn>5</mn><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mstyle></math><br />Từ' <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>(</mo><msup><mn>4</mn><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>)</mo></mstyle></math>, (5') v&agrave; kết hợp với (1),(2),(3) ta c&oacute; :<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>5</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mo>&#8290;</mo></math><br />Hay 6 tam gi&aacute;c c&oacute; diện t&iacute;ch bằng nhau.</p>
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