Ôn tập chương 2
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 46 (Trang 133 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 1)
<p>Đề b&agrave;i<br />Cho tam gi&aacute;c ABC. Gọi M, N l&agrave; c&aacute;c trung điểm tương ứng của AC, BC. Chứng minh rằng diện t&iacute;ch của h&igrave;nh thang bằng <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mn>3</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mstyle></math> diện t&iacute;ch của tam gi&aacute;c ABC.</p> <p><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p> <p><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2019/0417/h74-bai-46-trang-133-sgk-toan-8-t1.jpg" /></p> <p>Vẽ hai trung tuyến AN, BM của <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math>. Ta c&oacute;:<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></math><br />(c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng đường cao từ đỉnh N, đ&aacute;y <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math>)</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></math><br />(c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng đường cao từ đỉnh A, đ&aacute;y <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math>)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></math>(c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng đường cao từ đỉnh $A$, đ&aacute;y $B N=\frac{1}{2} B C$ )<br />Suy ra <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8901;</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></math><br />Vậy <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>3</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></math><br />Tức l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>3</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></math></p>
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