Ôn tập chương 2
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 42 (Trang 132 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 1)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề b&agrave;i</strong></p> <p>Tr&ecirc;n h&igrave;nh&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;160&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-1" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-2" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-3" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">160</span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>160</mn></math></span></span>&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-4" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-5" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-6" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">(</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-7" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-8" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-9" class="mjx-texatom"><span id="MJXc-Node-10" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-11" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">/</span></span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-12" class="mjx-texatom"><span id="MJXc-Node-13" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-14" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">/</span></span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-15" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-16" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">F</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-17" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">)</span></span></span></span></span>, h&atilde;y t&igrave;m tam gi&aacute;c c&oacute; diện t&iacute;ch bằng diện t&iacute;ch của tứ gi&aacute;c&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-18" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-19" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-20" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-21" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-22" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-23" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span></span></span></span>.</p> <p><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2018/0716/b42-trang-132-sgk-toan-8-t-1-c2.jpg" /></p> <p><strong>Lời giải chi tiết</strong><br />Gọi O l&agrave; giao điểm của AF v&agrave; BC.<br />Ta c&oacute; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>DF</mi></mstyle></math> c&oacute; diện t&iacute;ch bằng diện t&iacute;ch tứ gi&aacute;c ABCD.<br />Thật vậy, do AC//BF n&ecirc;n <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></math> v&igrave; c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng đ&aacute;y AC v&agrave; c&ugrave;ng chiều cao l&agrave; khoảng c&aacute;ch giữa hai đường thẳng song song AC, BF.<br />Ta c&oacute;: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></math> (chứng minh tr&ecirc;n)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>O</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>O</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>O</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><mpadded><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>O</mi></mrow></msub></mpadded><mo>&#8290;</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8658;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>O</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>O</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&#8290;</mo><mo>.</mo></math><br />Do đ&oacute; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>O</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>O</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>O</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>O</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></math><br />Vậy <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></math></p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
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