Hướng dẫn giải Hoạt động 1 (Trang 157 SGK Toán Đại số & Giải tích 11)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề bài</strong></p>
<p>Dùng định nghĩa tính đạo hàm của hàm số <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math> tại điểm <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math> tùy ý.</p>
<p>Dự đoán đạo hàm của hàm số <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>100</mn></msup></math> tại điểm <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math>.</p>
<p class="content_method_header"><strong class="content_method">Phương pháp giải </strong><img id="method_colapse_icon" class="method-open-icon" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /></p>
<div class="content_method_content">
<p>- Tính <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><mi>y</mi></math>.</p>
<p>- Tính <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><munder><mi>lim</mi><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>→</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></munder><mfrac><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi>y</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></mfrac></math> suy ra đạo hàm.</p>
</div>
<p><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p>
<p>- Giả sử <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><mi>x</mi></math> là số gia của đối số tại \(\x_0) bất kỳ. Ta có:</p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>∆</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>f</mi><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mo>∆</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>-</mo><mi>f</mi><mfenced><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mfenced><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>=</mo><msup><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mo>∆</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></mfenced><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>-</mo><msup><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><msup><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>∆</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><msup><mfenced><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></mfenced><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mfenced><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></mfenced><mn>3</mn></msup><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>⇒</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mfenced><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mfenced><mo>=</mo><munder><mi>lim</mi><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>→</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></munder><mfrac><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi>y</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><munder><mi>lim</mi><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>→</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></munder><mfenced><mrow><mn>3</mn><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>∆</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><msup><mfenced><mrow><mo>∆</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></mfenced><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><msup><msub><mi>x</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mn>2</mn></msup></math></p>
<p>- Dự đoán đạo hàm của <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>100</mn></msup></math> tại điểm <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math> là <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>100</mn><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>99</mn></msup></math></p>