Bài 8. Các trường hợp đồng dạng của tam giác vuông
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 50 (Trang 84 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 2)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề b&agrave;i</strong></p> <p>B&oacute;ng của một ống kh&oacute;i nh&agrave; m&aacute;y tr&ecirc;n mặt đất c&oacute; độ d&agrave;i&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;36&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-1" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-2" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-3" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">36</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-4" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-5" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">9</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-6" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">m</span></span></span></span></span>. C&ugrave;ng thời điểm đ&oacute;, một thanh sắt cao&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-7" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-8" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-9" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">2</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-10" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-11" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">1</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-12" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">m</span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;cắm vu&ocirc;ng g&oacute;c với mặt đất c&oacute; b&oacute;ng d&agrave;i&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;62&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>62</mn><mi>m</mi></math></span></span>. T&iacute;nh chiều cao của ống kh&oacute;i.</p> <p><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2018/0628/1_7.PNG" /></p> <p><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p> <p><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2019/0315/h2-bai-50-trang-84-sgk-toan-8-t2.jpg" /></p> <p>Giả sử thanh sắt l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mstyle></math>, c&oacute; b&oacute;ng l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>.</mo></math><br />V&igrave; ống kh&oacute;i v&agrave; thanh sắt đều vu&ocirc;ng g&oacute;c với mặt đất n&ecirc;n hai tam gi&aacute;c ABC v&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mstyle></math> đều l&agrave; tam gi&aacute;c vu&ocirc;ng.</p> <p>V&igrave; c&ugrave;ng một thời điểm tia s&aacute;ng chiếu n&ecirc;n ta suy ra <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></mstyle></math><br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo></mstyle></math> Hai tam gi&aacute;c vu&ocirc;ng ABC v&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mstyle></math> đồng dạng (hai tam gi&aacute;c vu&ocirc;ng c&oacute; hai g&oacute;c nhọn bằng nhau)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo>&#8658;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>&#237;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>h</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>&#7845;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>h</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>g</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>&#225;</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>&#273;</mi><mi>&#7891;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>&#7841;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>=</mo><mpadded><mfrac><mstyle displaystyle="true"><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>.</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle><mstyle displaystyle="true"><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mstyle></mfrac></mpadded><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>=</mo><mpadded><mfrac><mstyle displaystyle="true"><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1.36</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>9</mn></mstyle><mstyle displaystyle="true"><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>62</mn></mstyle></mfrac></mpadded><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8776;</mo><mn>47</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>8</mn><mi>m</mi><mo>.</mo></math><br />Vậy chiều cao ống kh&oacute;i l&agrave;: 47,8 m</p> <p><br /><br /></p>
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