Bài 8. Các trường hợp đồng dạng của tam giác vuông
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 48 (Trang 84 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 2)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề b&agrave;i</strong></p> <p>B&oacute;ng của một cột điện tr&ecirc;n mặt đất c&oacute; độ d&agrave;i l&agrave;&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>5</mn><mi>m</mi></math></span></span>. C&ugrave;ng thời điểm đ&oacute;, một thanh sắt cao&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mi>m</mi></math></span></span>cắm vu&ocirc;ng g&oacute;c với mặt đất c&oacute; b&oacute;ng d&agrave;i&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-13" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-14" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-15" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">0</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-16" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-17" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">6</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-18" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">m</span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>6</mn><mi>m</mi></math></span></span>. T&iacute;nh chiều cao của cột điện.</p> <p><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p> <p><strong class="content_detail"><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2018/0718/b48-trang-84-sgk-toan-8-t2-c2.jpg" /></strong></p> <p><span class="content_detail">Giả sử cột điện l&agrave; AB c&oacute; b&oacute;ng tr&ecirc;n mặt đất l&agrave; AC.<br />Thanh sắt l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mmultiscripts><mi>B</mi><none/><mo>'</mo><mprescripts/><none/><mo>'</mo></mmultiscripts></math> c&oacute; b&oacute;ng tr&ecirc;n mặt đất l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>.</mo></math><br />V&igrave; cột điện v&agrave; thanh sắt đều vu&ocirc;ng g&oacute;c với mặt đất n&ecirc;n hai tam gi&aacute;c ABC v&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mstyle></math> đều l&agrave; tam gi&aacute;c vu&ocirc;ng.<br />Vi c&ugrave;ng một thời điểm tia s&aacute;ng tạo với mặt đất một g&oacute;c bằng nhau n&ecirc;n ta suy ra <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></mstyle></math><br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo></mstyle></math> Hai tam gi&aacute;c vu&ocirc;ng ABC v&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mstyle></math> đồng dạng (hai tam gi&aacute;c vu&ocirc;ng c&oacute; hai g&oacute;c nhọn bằng nhau)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow></mfrac></mstyle></math> (t&iacute;nh chất hai tam gi&aacute;c đồng dạng)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>=</mo><mpadded><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8901;</mo><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow><mrow><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></msup><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>C</mi><mo>'</mo></msup></mrow></mfrac></mpadded><mo>&#8290;</mo><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>&#8901;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>15</mn></mrow><mo>,</mo><mpadded><mn>75</mn></mpadded><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>m</mi></math><br />Vậy cột điện cao 15,75m.<br /></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
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