Bài 2: Diện Tích Hình Chữ Nhật
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 15 (Trang 119 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 1)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề b&agrave;i</strong></p> <p>Đố. Vẽ h&igrave;nh chữ nhật&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>D</mi></math></span></span>&nbsp;c&oacute;&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace width=&quot;thinmathspace&quot; /&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace width=&quot;thinmathspace&quot; /&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-7" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-8" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-9" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-10" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-11" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">=</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-12" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">5</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-13" class="mjx-mspace"></span><span id="MJXc-Node-14" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">c</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-15" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">m</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-16" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-17" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-18" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-19" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">=</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-20" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">3</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-21" class="mjx-mspace"></span><span id="MJXc-Node-22" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">c</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-23" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">m</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-24" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">.</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p>a) H&atilde;y vẽ một h&igrave;nh chữ nhật c&oacute; diện t&iacute;ch nhỏ hơn nhưng c&oacute; chu vi lớn hơn h&igrave;nh chữ nhật&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-25" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-26" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-27" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-28" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-29" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-30" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-31" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">.</span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;Vẽ được mấy h&igrave;nh như vậy.</p> <p>b) H&atilde;y vẽ h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng c&oacute; chu vi bằng chu vi h&igrave;nh chữ nhật&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-4-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-32" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-33" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-34" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-35" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-36" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-37" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>.</mo></math></span></span>&nbsp;Vẽ được mấy h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng như vậy? So s&aacute;nh diện t&iacute;ch h&igrave;nh chữ nhật với diện t&iacute;ch h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng chu vi vừa vẽ. Tại sao trong c&aacute;c h&igrave;nh chữ nhật c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng chu vi th&igrave; h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng c&oacute; diện t&iacute;ch lớn nhất.</p> <p><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p> <p><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2018/0716/b15a-trang-119-sgk-toan-8-t-1-c2.jpg" alt="" /></p> <p>a) H&igrave;nh chữ nhật&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-5-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>D</mi></math></span></span>&nbsp;đ&atilde; cho c&oacute; diện t&iacute;ch l&agrave;&nbsp;</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>3.5</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>15</mn><mo>&#8290;</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>.</mo></math><br />Chu vi h&igrave;nh chữ nhật ABCD l&agrave; (5+3).2=16 (cm)<br />- H&igrave;nh chữ nhật c&oacute; chiều rộng l&agrave; 1cm, chiều d&agrave;i l&agrave; 12cm c&oacute; diện t&iacute;ch l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mpadded><mn>12</mn></mpadded><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#60;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></math> v&agrave; chu vi l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#8901;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>26</mn><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>cm</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> (c&oacute; 26&gt;16).<br />- H&igrave;nh chữ nhật c&oacute; chiều rộng l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mpadded><mn>2</mn></mpadded><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>cm</mi><mo>,</mo></math> chiều d&agrave;i l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mpadded><mn>7</mn></mpadded><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>cm</mi></mstyle></math> c&oacute; diện t&iacute;ch l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mpadded><mn>14</mn></mpadded><mo>&#8290;</mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#60;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></math> v&agrave; chu vi l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>&#8901;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>18</mn><mo>&#8290;</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>cm</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mstyle></math> (c&oacute; 18&gt;16).<br />Như vậy, vẽ được nhiều h&igrave;nh chữ nhật c&oacute; diện t&iacute;ch b&eacute; hơn như'ng c&oacute; chu vi lớn hơn h&igrave;nh chữ nhật ABCD cho trước.</p> <p><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2020/0415/bai-15-trang-119-sgk-toan-8-tap-1.png" alt="" width="251" height="236" /></p> <p>b) Chu vi h&igrave;nh chữ nhật&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-20-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>D</mi></math></span></span>&nbsp;đ&atilde; cho l&agrave;:&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-21-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;.2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;16&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace width=&quot;thinmathspace&quot; /&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-208" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-209" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-210" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">(</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-211" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">5</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-212" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space2"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">+</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-213" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space2"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">3</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-214" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">)</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-215" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">.2</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-216" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">=</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-217" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">16</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-218" class="mjx-mspace"></span><span id="MJXc-Node-219" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">(</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-220" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">c</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-221" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">m</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-222" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">)</span></span></span></span></span></p> <p>Cạnh h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng c&oacute; chu vi bằng chu vi h&igrave;nh chữ nhật&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-22-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-223" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-224" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-225" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-226" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-227" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-228" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>D</mi></math></span></span>&nbsp;l&agrave;:</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-23-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;16&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;:&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace width=&quot;thinmathspace&quot; /&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-229" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-230" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-231" class="mjx-mn"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">16</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-232" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">:</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-233" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">4</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-234" class="mjx-mo MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">=</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-235" class="mjx-mn MJXc-space3"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">4</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-236" class="mjx-mspace"></span><span id="MJXc-Node-237" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">(</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-238" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">c</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-239" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">m</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-240" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">)</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-241" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">.</span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>16</mn><mo>:</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn><mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>m</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>.</mo></math></span></span></p> <p><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2018/0716/b15b-trang-119-sgk-toan-8-t-1-c2.jpg" alt="" width="270" height="255" /></p> <p>Diện t&iacute;ch h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng n&agrave;y l&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mn>4.4</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>16</mn><mo>&#8290;</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>cm</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mstyle></math><br />Vậy <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>h</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&#60;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>h</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>v</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></math><br />Vẽ được một h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng nhứ vậy.<br />+) Tổng qu&aacute;t: Giả sử h&igrave;nh chữ nhật c&oacute; c&aacute;c k&iacute;ch thước l&agrave; a, b. Khi đ&oacute;:<br />- Diện t&iacute;ch của h&igrave;nh chữ nhật đ&oacute; l&agrave;: ab<br />- Chu vi h&igrave;nh chữ nhật đ&oacute; l&agrave;: 2.(a+b)<br />- Cạnh của h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng c&oacute; chu vi bằng chu vi h&igrave;nh chữ nhật l&agrave;:<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>&#8901;</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></math><br />Vậy diện t&iacute;ch h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng đ&oacute; l&agrave;: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></mstyle></math><br />Ta c&oacute;:<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msup><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>b</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>b</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mstyle></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#8805;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>b</mi></mstyle></math><br />( v&igrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mfrac><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8805;</mo><mn>0</mn></mstyle></math> với mọi a, b )<br />Vậy trong c&aacute;c h&igrave;nh chữ nhật c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng chu vi th&igrave; h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng c&oacute; diện t&iacute;ch lớn nhất.</p>
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