Bài 3 trang 17 Toán 8 Tập 1: Rút gọn biểu thức:
a) (x – y)(x2 + xy + y2);
b) (x + y)(x2 – xy + y2);
d) (x + y)(x – y) + (xy4 – x3y2) : (xy2).
Lời giải:
a) (x – y)(x2 + xy + y2)
= x . x2 + x . xy + x . y2– y . x2 – y . xy– y . y2
= x3 + (x2y – x2y) + (xy2– xy2) – y3= x3 – y3.
b) (x + y)(x2 – xy + y2)
= x . x2 – x . xy + x . y2 + y . x2 – y . xy + y . y2
= x3 – x2y + xy2 + x2y – xy2 + y3
= x3 + (x2y – x2y) + (xy2– xy2) + y3
= x3 + y3.
d) (x + y)(x – y) + (xy4 – x3y2) : (xy2)
= x . x + x . y – x . y – y . y + (xy4) : (xy2) – (x3y2) : (xy2)
= x2 – y2 + y2– x2= (x2 – x2) + (y2– y2) = 0.