Bài 2: Cực trị của hàm số
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 2 (Trang 18 SGK Toán Giải tích 12)
<p><strong>C&acirc;u hỏi: </strong>&Aacute;p dụng Quy tắc II, h&atilde;y t&igrave;m c&aacute;c điểm cực trị của c&aacute;c h&agrave;m số sau:</p> <p>a)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>4</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></math></p> <p>b)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo></math></p> <p>c)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo></math></p> <p>d)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>5</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn></math></p> <p><strong>Hướng dẫn Giải:</strong></p> <p>a) TXD: D = R</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>x</mi><mfenced><mrow><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfenced><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>[</mo><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfenced></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#177;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></mfenced></mtd></mtr></mtable><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>12</mn><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn></math></p> <p>y''(0) = -4 &lt;0 h&agrave;m số đạt cực đại tại x = 0, y = 1</p> <p>y''(<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#177;</mo></math>1) = 8 &gt; 0 h&agrave;m số đạt cực tiểu tại hai điểm x =&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#177;</mo><mn>1</mn></math>, y = 0&nbsp;</p> <p>b) TXD: D = R</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>cos</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>3</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#177;</mo><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>3</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mi>k</mi><mn>2</mn><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8712;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#177;</mo><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>6</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>k&#960;</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8712;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi mathvariant="normal">y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>sin</mi><mn>2</mn><mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/></math></p> <ul> <li>Với x =&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>6</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>k</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>ta</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c&#243;</mi><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>'</mo><mfenced><mrow><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>6</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mi>k&#960;</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>sin</mi><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>3</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mo>&#60;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></math></li> </ul> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>H&agrave;m số đạt cực đại tại c&aacute;c điểm&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>6</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mi>k</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8712;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi><mo>&#160;</mo></math></p> <ul> <li>Với x =&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>6</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mi>k</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>ta</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c&#243;</mi><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>'</mo><mfenced><mrow><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>6</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mi>k&#960;</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>sin</mi><mfenced><mrow><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mrow></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mo>&#62;</mo><mn>0</mn></math></li> </ul> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>H&agrave;m số đạt cực tiểu tại c&aacute;c điểm&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>6</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mi>k</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8712;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi><mo>&#160;</mo></math></p> <p>c) TXD: D = R</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>cos</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8660;</mo><mi>tan</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>tan</mi><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>k</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8712;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi mathvariant="normal">y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mi>sinx</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mi>cosx</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/></math></p> <ul> <li>Với k = 2m ( m<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8712;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>Z</mi><mo>&#160;</mo></math>) ta c&oacute;:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mrow><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>m</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mi>sin</mi><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>-</mo><mi>cos</mi><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><msqrt><mn>2</mn></msqrt><mo>&#60;</mo><mn>0</mn></math></li> </ul> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>H&agrave;m số đạt cực đại tại c&aacute;c điểm&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>m</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8712;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi><mo>&#160;</mo></math></p> <ul> <li>Với k = 2m + 1 <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8712;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>Z</mi></mrow></mfenced></math>&nbsp;ta c&oacute;:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>'</mo><mfenced><mrow><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mfenced><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>m</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>sin</mi><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mi>cos</mi><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msqrt><mn>2</mn></msqrt><mo>&#62;</mo><mn>0</mn></math></li> </ul> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>H&agrave;m số đạt cực tiểu tại c&aacute;c điểm&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mn>4</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mfenced><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>m</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfenced><mi mathvariant="normal">&#960;</mi><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8712;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mi><mo>&#160;</mo></math></p> <p>d) TXD: D = R</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>5</mn><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>4</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#177;</mo><mn>1</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>20</mn><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>6</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo></math></p> <p>y''(1) = 14 &gt; 0. Do đ&oacute; h&agrave;m số đạt cực tiểu tại x = 1&nbsp;</p> <p>y''(-1) = -14 &lt; 0. Do đ&oacute; h&agrave;m số đạt cực đại tại x = -1</p>
Hướng dẫn Giải bài 2 (trang 18, SGK Giải Tích 12)
GV: GV colearn
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Hướng dẫn Giải bài 2 (trang 18, SGK Giải Tích 12)
GV: GV colearn