Bài 5: Hai dạng phương trình quy về phương trình bậc hai
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 2 (Trang 59 SGK Toán 10, Bộ Cánh diều, Tập 1)
<p><strong>B&agrave;i 2 (Trang 59, SGK To&aacute;n To&aacute;n 10, Bộ C&aacute;nh diều, Tập 1)</strong></p> <p>Giải c&aacute;c phương tr&igrave;nh sau:</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>a</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msqrt><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi></msqrt><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msqrt><mo>-</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>7</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>6</mn></msqrt><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn></math></p> <p><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em>Hướng dẫn giải:</em></span></strong></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>a</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msqrt><mn>2</mn><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></msqrt><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8660;</mo><msqrt><mn>2</mn><mo>-</mo><mi>x</mi></msqrt><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>Ta giải bất phương tr&igrave;nh: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8211;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8804;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mn>3</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math>.</p> <p>B&igrave;nh phương hai vế của (1) ta được:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8211;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8211;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8211;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8211;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>12</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8211;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>11</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>[</mo><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mn>7</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mtd></mtr></mtable></math></p> <p>Trong hai gi&aacute; trị tr&ecirc;n ta thấy x = 1 thỏa m&atilde;n&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8804;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mn>3</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p> <p>Vậy nghiệm của phương tr&igrave;nh đ&atilde; cho l&agrave; x = 1.</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>b</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msqrt><mo>-</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>7</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>6</mn></msqrt><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8660;</mo><msqrt><mo>-</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>7</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>6</mn></msqrt><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi></math>&nbsp;</p> <p>Ta giải bất phương tr&igrave;nh:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8211;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8804;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>.</mo></math></p> <p>&nbsp;B&igrave;nh phương hai vế của (2) ta được:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8211;</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>7</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8211;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8211;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8211;</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>7</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8211;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>16</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8211;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>8</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8211;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>15</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>22</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>[</mo><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mn>11</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mtd></mtr></mtable></math></p> <p>Trong hai gi&aacute; trị tr&ecirc;n c&oacute; x = 2 thỏa m&atilde;n x &le; 4.</p> <p>Vậy nghiệm của phương tr&igrave;nh đ&atilde; cho l&agrave; x = 2.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
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