Bài 12: Hình Vuông
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 81 (Trang 108 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 1)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề b&agrave;i</strong></p> <p>&nbsp;Cho h&igrave;nh&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;106.&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>106.</mn></math></span></span>&nbsp;Tứ gi&aacute;c&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-4" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-5" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-6" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-7" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">E</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-8" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-9" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">F</span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;l&agrave; h&igrave;nh g&igrave; ? V&igrave; sao ?&nbsp;<br /><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2018/0713/b81-trang-108-sgk-toan-8-t-1-c2.jpg" alt="" width="296" height="417" /></p> <p><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p> <p><strong>C&aacute;ch 1:</strong></p> <p>Ta c&oacute;: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>+</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>45</mn><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mn>45</mn><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>90</mn><mn>0</mn></msup></mstyle></math> Tứ gi&aacute;c AEDF c&oacute; 3 g&oacute;c vu&ocirc;ng n&ecirc;n l&agrave; h&igrave;nh chữ nhật M&agrave; đường ch&eacute;o AD l&agrave; ph&acirc;n gi&aacute;c của g&oacute;c A Vậy AEDF l&agrave; h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng ( Dấu hiệu nhận biết h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng)<br />C&aacute;ch 2:<br />Tứ gi&aacute;c AEDF c&oacute; EA//DF (c&ugrave;ng vu&ocirc;ng g&oacute;c AC)<br />DE//FA (c&ugrave;ng vu&ocirc;ng g&oacute;c với AB)<br />Suy ra AEDF l&agrave; h&igrave;nh b&igrave;nh h&agrave;nh (dấu hiệu nhận biết h&igrave;nh b&igrave;nh h&agrave;nh)</p> <p>H&igrave;nh b&igrave;nh h&agrave;nh AEDF c&oacute; đường ch&eacute;o AD l&agrave; ph&acirc;n gi&aacute;c của g&oacute;c A (giả thiết) n&ecirc;n l&agrave; h&igrave;nh thoi (dấu hiệu nhận biết h&igrave;nh thoi) H&igrave;nh thoi AEDF c&oacute; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>+</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>45</mn><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mn>45</mn><mn>0</mn></msup></mstyle></math><br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo></mstyle></math> H&igrave;nh thoi AEDF c&oacute; 1 g&oacute;c vu&ocirc;ng n&ecirc;n l&agrave; h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng (dấu hiệu nhận biết h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng)<br />C&aacute;ch 3:<br />Tứ gi&aacute;c AEDF c&oacute; EA//DF (c&ugrave;ng vu&ocirc;ng g&oacute;c AC)<br />DE//FA (c&ugrave;ng vu&ocirc;ng g&oacute;c với AB)<br />Suy ra AEDF l&agrave; h&igrave;nh b&igrave;nh h&agrave;nh (dấu hiệu nhận biết h&igrave;nh b&igrave;nh h&agrave;nh)<br />H&igrave;nh b&igrave;nh h&agrave;nh AEDF c&oacute; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>+</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>45</mn><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mn>45</mn><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>90</mn><mn>0</mn></msup></mstyle></math> n&ecirc;n AEDF l&agrave; h&igrave;nh chữ nhật.</p> <p>H&igrave;nh chữ nhật&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-32-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-292" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-293" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-294" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-295" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">E</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-296" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>F</mi></math></span></span>&nbsp;c&oacute;&nbsp;đường ch&eacute;o&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-33-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-298" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-299" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-300" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>D</mi></math></span></span>&nbsp;l&agrave; ph&acirc;n gi&aacute;c của g&oacute;c&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-34-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-302" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-303" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-304" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;n&ecirc;n&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-35-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-305" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-306" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-307" class="mjx-mi"></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>E</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>F</mi></math></span></span>&nbsp;l&agrave; h&igrave;nh vu&ocirc;ng.</p> <p><br /><br /></p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
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