Bài 7: Hình Bình Hành
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 48 (Trang 93 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 1)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề b&agrave;i</strong></p> <p>Tứ gi&aacute;c&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-1" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-2" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-3" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-4" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-5" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-6" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;c&oacute;&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-7" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-8" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-9" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">E</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-10" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-11" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">F</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-12" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-13" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">G</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-14" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-15" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">H</span></span></span></span></span> theo thứ tự l&agrave; trung điểm của c&aacute;c cạnh&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-16" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-17" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-18" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-19" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-20" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-21" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-22" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-23" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-24" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-25" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-26" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-27" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-28" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>.</mo></math></span></span>&nbsp;Tứ gi&aacute;c&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-4-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-30" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-31" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-32" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">E</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-33" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">F</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-34" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">G</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-35" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">H</span></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;l&agrave; h&igrave;nh g&igrave; ? V&igrave; sao ?</p> <p><strong>Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p> <p><img class="wscnph" style="max-width: 100%;" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/03072022/0c5360c0-aa0e-48e7-bebf-1f183b3331c4.PNG" /></p> <p>X&eacute;t <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#916;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math> c&oacute; EA=EB v&agrave; FB=FC n&ecirc;n EF l&agrave; đường trung b&igrave;nh của <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math> suy ra EF//AC v&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>E</mi><mi>F</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math><br />X&eacute;t <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#916;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math> c&oacute; HA=HD v&agrave; GD=GC n&ecirc;n HG l&agrave; đường trung b&igrave;nh của <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#916;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math> suy ra HG//AC v&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi>H</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></math><br />Từ (1) v&agrave; (2) suy ra EF//HG v&agrave; EF=HG<br />Tứ gi&aacute;c EFGH c&oacute; EF//HG v&agrave; EF=HG n&ecirc;n l&agrave; h&igrave;nh b&igrave;nh h&agrave;nh (tứ gi&aacute;c c&oacute; 2 cạnh đối song song v&agrave; bằng nhau)</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
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