Hướng dẫn giải Bài 48 (Trang 93 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 1)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề bài</strong></p>
<p>Tứ giác <span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>D</mi></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-1" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-2" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-3" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-4" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-5" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-6" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span></span></span></span> có <span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>E</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>H</mi></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-7" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-8" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-9" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">E</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-10" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-11" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">F</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-12" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-13" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">G</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-14" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-15" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">H</span></span></span></span></span> theo thứ tự là trung điểm của các cạnh <span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>D</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>A</mi><mo>.</mo></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-16" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-17" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-18" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-19" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-20" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-21" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">B</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-22" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-23" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-24" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">C</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-25" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-26" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">,</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-27" class="mjx-mi MJXc-space1"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">D</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-28" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">A</span></span></span></span><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>.</mo></math></span></span> Tứ giác <span id="MathJax-Element-4-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>E</mi><mi>F</mi><mi>G</mi><mi>H</mi></math>"><span id="MJXc-Node-30" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-31" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-32" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">E</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-33" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">F</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-34" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">G</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-35" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">H</span></span></span></span></span> là hình gì ? Vì sao ?</p>
<p><strong>Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p>
<p><img class="wscnph" style="max-width: 100%;" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/03072022/0c5360c0-aa0e-48e7-bebf-1f183b3331c4.PNG" /></p>
<p>Xét <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math> có EA=EB và FB=FC nên EF là đường trung bình của <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">△</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math> suy ra EF//AC và <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>E</mi><mi>F</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math><br />Xét <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math> có HA=HD và GD=GC nên HG là đường trung bình của <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math> suy ra HG//AC và <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi>H</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>⁢</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></math><br />Từ (1) và (2) suy ra EF//HG và EF=HG<br />Tứ giác EFGH có EF//HG và EF=HG nên là hình bình hành (tứ giác có 2 cạnh đối song song và bằng nhau)</p>
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