Bài 4: Khái niệm hai tam giác đồng dạng
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 27 (Trang 72 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 2)
<p><strong>Đề b&agrave;i</strong><br />Từ M thuộc cạnh AB của tam gi&aacute;c ABC với <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mstyle></math>. Kẻ c&aacute;c tia song song với AC v&agrave; BC, ch&uacute;ng cắt BC v&agrave; AC lần Iượt tại L v&agrave; N.<br />a) N&ecirc;u tất cả c&aacute;c cặp tam gi&aacute;c đồng dạng.<br />b) Đối với mỗi cặp tam gi&aacute;c đồng dạng, h&atilde;y viết c&aacute;c cặp g&oacute;c bằng nhau v&agrave; tỉ số đồng dạng tương ứng.</p> <p><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p> <p><strong class="content_detail"><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2018/0718/b27a-trang-72-sgk-toan-8-t2-c2.jpg" /></strong></p> <p><span class="content_detail">a) &Aacute;p dụng: Một đường thẳng cắt hai cạnh của tam gi&aacute;c v&agrave; song song với cạnh c&ograve;n lại tạo th&agrave;nh một tam gi&aacute;c đồng dạng với tam gi&aacute;c đ&atilde; cho, ta c&oacute;:<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>M</mi><mi>N</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>/</mo><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>gt</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#916;</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>N</mi><mo>~</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#916;</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mpadded><mi>C</mi></mpadded><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi>M</mi><mi>L</mi><mo>/</mo><mo>/</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>C</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>gt</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#916;</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>L</mi><mo>~</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#916;</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mo>.</mo></math><br />v&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mo>~</mo><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>L</mi></mstyle></math> (v&igrave; c&ugrave;ng đồng dạng với tam gi&aacute;c ABC)<br />b)<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mo>~</mo><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math> c&oacute;:<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>;</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>;</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>A</mi><mo>^</mo></mover></mstyle></math> chung<br />Tỉ số đồng dạng <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>k</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mstyle></math> (v&igrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mstyle></math> )<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>L</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mo>~</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mstyle></math>&nbsp;c&oacute;:<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>L</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>,</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>B</mi><mo>^</mo></mover></mstyle></math> chung, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>L</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></mstyle></math><br />Tỉ số đồng dạng <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>k</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>2</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mstyle></math><br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mo>~</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#9651;</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>L</mi></mstyle></math>&nbsp;c&oacute;:<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>L</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>,</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>L</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>,</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>L</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></mstyle></math><br /></span><span class="content_detail">Tỉ số đồng dạng <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>k</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>M</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>B</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mstyle></math></span><strong class="content_detail"><br /></strong></p>
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