Bài 4. Cấp số nhân
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 3 (Trang 103 SGK Toán Đại số & Giải tích 11)
<p>T&igrave;m c&aacute;c số hạng của cấp số nh&acirc;n&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><msub><mi>u</mi><mi>n</mi></msub></mfenced></math> c&oacute; năm số hạng, biết:</p> <p>a)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>5</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>27</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo></math></p> <p>b)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>25</mn></math> v&agrave;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>50</mn><mo>.</mo></math></p> <p><strong>Giải</strong>&nbsp;</p> <p>&Aacute;p dụng:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>u</mi><mi>n</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>.</mo><msup><mi>q</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></p> <p>a) Ta c&oacute;:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>.</mo><msup><mi>q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#8658;</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msup><mi>q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></math></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>5</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msup><mi>q</mi><mn>4</mn></msup><mo>&#8658;</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msup><mi>q</mi><mn>4</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>27</mn></math></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; Do đ&oacute; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi>q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msup><mi>q</mi><mn>4</mn></msup></mrow></mfenced><mo>:</mo><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msup><mi>q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>&#177;</mo><mn>3</mn></math></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Với&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>q</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></math> ta c&oacute;:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></math>, ta c&oacute; cấp số nh&acirc;n:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>27</mn></math></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Với&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>q</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></math> ta c&oacute;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></math>, ta c&oacute; cấp số nh&acirc;n:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>27</mn></math></p> <p>b) Ta c&oacute;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mrow><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>25</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>50</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>&#8660;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mrow><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msup><mi>q</mi><mn>3</mn></msup><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mi>q</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>25</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msup><mi>q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>50</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>&#8660;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mi>q</mi><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>25</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>50</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></mrow></mfenced></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Thay (2) v&agrave;o (1), ta được&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>50</mn><mo>.</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>25</mn><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Từ (2) suy ra&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>u</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>50</mn><mrow><msup><mi>q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>50</mn><mrow><mstyle displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mstyle><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mn>200</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></math></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Ta c&oacute; cấp số nh&acirc;n:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mn>200</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mn>100</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mn>50</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mn>25</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mn>25</mn><mn>6</mn></mfrac></math></p>
Hướng dẫn Giải Bài 3 (trang 103, SGK Toán Đại số & Giải Tích 11)
GV: GV colearn
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Hướng dẫn Giải Bài 3 (trang 103, SGK Toán Đại số & Giải Tích 11)
GV: GV colearn