Bài 1. Mệnh đề
Hướng dẫn Giải bài 7 (Trang 10, SGK Toán 10, Tập 1)
<p><strong>C&acirc;u hỏi:</strong> Lập mệnh đề phủ định của mỗi mệnh đề sau v&agrave; x&eacute;t t&iacute;nh đ&uacute;ng sai của n&oacute;.</p> <p>a)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8704;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#8469;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>:</mo><mo>&#8201;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>h</mi><mi>&#7871;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>;</mo></math></p> <p>b)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8707;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#8474;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>:</mo><mo>&#8201;</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>;</mo></math></p> <p>c)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8704;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#8477;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#60;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>;</mo></math></p> <p>d)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8707;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#8477;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn></math></p> <p><strong>Lời giải:</strong></p> <p>a) <strong><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>P</mi><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#34;</mo><mo>&#8704;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#8469;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>:</mo><mo>&#8201;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>h</mi><mi>&#7871;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#34;</mo></math></strong></p> <p><strong><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>P</mi><mo>&#175;</mo></mover><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#34;</mo><mo>&#8707;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#8469;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>k</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>&#244;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>h</mi><mi>&#7871;</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>&#34;</mo></math></strong></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>P</mi><mo>&#175;</mo></mover></math> đ&uacute;ng v&igrave; n=0 th&igrave; n kh&ocirc;ng chia hết cho n</p> <p>b) Q: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Q</mi><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#34;</mo><mo>&#8707;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#8474;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>:</mo><mo>&#8201;</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#34;</mo></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>Q</mi><mo>&#175;</mo></mover><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#34;</mo><mo>&#8704;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#8474;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#34;</mo></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>Q</mi><mo>&#175;</mo></mover></math> đ&uacute;ng</p> <p>c) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#34;</mo><mo>&#8704;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#8477;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#60;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#34;</mo></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>A</mi><mo>&#175;</mo></mover><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#34;</mo><mo>&#8707;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#8477;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8805;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#34;</mo></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>A</mi><mo>&#175;</mo></mover></math> sai v&igrave; x+1 lu&ocirc;n lớn hơn x</p> <p>d) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>B</mi><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#34;</mo><mo>&#8707;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#8477;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#34;</mo></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>B</mi><mo>&#175;</mo></mover><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#34;</mo><mo>&#8704;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&#8477;</mi><mo>:</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8800;</mo><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#34;</mo></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>B</mi><mo>&#175;</mo></mover></math> sai v&igrave; với&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>&#177;</mo><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>B</mi><mo>&#175;</mo></mover></math> thỏa m&atilde;n:</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><msup><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>-</mo><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><msup><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>-</mo><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></math></p>
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