Bài 2. Phép tịnh tiến
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 3 (Trang 7 SGK Toán Hình học 11)
<p>Trong mặt phẳng toạ độ Oxy cho vectơ&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfenced><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>h</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>&#273;</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>&#7875;</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>A</mi><mfenced><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></mfenced><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>B</mi><mfenced><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfenced></math>&nbsp;v&agrave; đường thẳng</p> <p>d c&oacute; phương tr&igrave;nh x - 2y +3 = 0</p> <p>a) T&igrave;m toạ độ của c&aacute;c điểm A', B' theo thứ tự l&agrave; ảnh của A, B qua ph&eacute;p tịnh tiến theo <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover></math></p> <p>b) T&igrave;m toạ độ của điểm C sao cho A l&agrave; ảnh của C qua ph&eacute;p tịnh tiến theo <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover></math></p> <p>c) T&igrave;m phương tr&igrave;nh của đường thẳng d' l&agrave; ảnh của d qua ph&eacute;p tịnh tiến theo <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover></math></p> <p>Giải:</p> <p>Biểu thức toạ độ của ph&eacute;p tịnh tiến <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>T</mi><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover></msub></math>&nbsp;l&agrave;:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>&#160;</mo></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>b</mi><mo>&#160;</mo></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>&#8660;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p>a) Toạ độ A' l&agrave; ảnh của A qua <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>T</mi><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>l</mi><mi>&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>x</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></mrow></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>x</mi><mi>A</mi></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>y</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo></mrow></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>A</mi></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>7</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>Tương tự <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>T</mi><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>b) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>A</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8658;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mo>-</mo><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>c) Gọi M(x; y) thuộc d, M' =&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>T</mi><mover><mi>v</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo></mover></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>Khi đ&oacute; x' = x -1, y' = y + 2 hay x = x' +1 , y = y'-2</p> <p>Ta c&oacute;:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>M</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8712;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>d</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#8660;</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mfenced><mrow><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfenced><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></math></p> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>8</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mi>M</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8712;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>d</mi><mo>'</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#243;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>p</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>&#432;</mi><mi>&#417;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>&#236;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>h</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>8</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn></math></p> <p>Vậy d' c&oacute; phương tr&igrave;nh x -2y + 8 = 0</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
Hướng dẫn giải bài 3 (trang 7, SGK Hình 11)
GV: GV colearn
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Hướng dẫn giải bài 3 (trang 7, SGK Hình 11)
GV: GV colearn