Bài 14: Trường hợp bằng nhau thứ hai và thứ ba của tam giác
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 4.13 (Trang 73 SGK Toán 7, Bộ Kết nối tri thức, Tập 1)
<p><strong>B&agrave;i 4.13 (Trang 73 SGK To&aacute;n 7, Bộ Kết nối tri thức với cuộc sống, Tập 1)</strong></p> <p>Cho hai đoạn thẳng AC v&agrave; BD cắt nhau tại điểm O sao cho OA = OC, OB = OD như H&igrave;nh 4.40.</p> <p><img class="wscnph" style="max-width: 100%;" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/03102022/annotation-2022-08-04-143826-trY19P.png" /></p> <p>a) H&atilde;y t&igrave;m hai cặp tam gi&aacute;c c&oacute; chung đỉnh O bằng nhau.</p> <p>b) Chứng minh rằng&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>D</mi><mo>.</mo></math></p> <p><em><strong>Hướng dẫn giải</strong></em></p> <p>a) X&eacute;t&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>D</mi></math> c&oacute;:</p> <p>AO = CO</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></math> (đối đỉnh)</p> <p>OD = OB</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>D</mi><mo>&#160;</mo></math>(c - g -c)</p> <p>X&eacute;t&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>B</mi></math> c&oacute;:</p> <p>AO = CO</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></math> (đối đỉnh)</p> <p>OD = OB&nbsp;</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo></math></p> <p>Vậy hai cặp tam gi&aacute;c c&oacute; chung đỉnh O bằng nhau l&agrave;: AOB v&agrave; COD; AOD v&agrave; COB theo trường hợp cạnh &ndash; g&oacute;c &ndash; cạnh.</p> <p>b) Do&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>B</mi></math>&nbsp;</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>g</mi><mi>&#243;</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>&#432;</mi><mi>&#417;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>&#7913;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>)</mo></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>A</mi><mi>D</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#7841;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>h</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>&#432;</mi><mi>&#417;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>&#7913;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>)</mo></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p>X&eacute;t&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>D</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>&#243;</mi><mo>:</mo></math></p> <p>AD = BC</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow><mo>^</mo></mover></math></p> <p>BD chung</p> <p>Vậy&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>D</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>D</mi></math> (c - g -c)</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
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