Bài 26: Kim loại kiềm thổ và hợp chất quan trọng của kim loại kiềm thổ
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 7 (Trang 119 SGK Hóa học 12)
<p>H&ograve;a tan 8,2 gam hỗn hợp bột&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math> trong nước cần 2,016 l&iacute;t&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> (đktc). X&aacute;c định khối lượng mỗi muối trong hỗn hợp</p> <p>Hướng dẫn giải:</p> <p>Đặt số mol của&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math> lần lượt l&agrave; x mol v&agrave; y mol</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mn>100</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>84</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>8</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><msub><mfenced><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></mfenced><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi></math></p> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><msub><mfenced><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></mfenced><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo></mrow></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>y</mi></math></p> <p>Từ (1) v&agrave; (2)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>016</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>22</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo>*</mo><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>Giải hệ (*) v&agrave; (**) ta được&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>04</mn><mo>&#8658;</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>04</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>(</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>)</mo></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>05</mn><mo>&#8658;</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>05</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>84</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>(</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>)</mo></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p>
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