Bài 26: Kim loại kiềm thổ và hợp chất quan trọng của kim loại kiềm thổ
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 3 (Trang 119 SGK Hóa học 12)
<p>Cho 2,84 gam hỗn hợp <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mi>v</mi><mi>à</mi><mo> </mo><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math> tác dụng hết với dung dịch HCl thấy bay ra 672ml khí <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math>(đktc). Phần trăm khối lượng của 2 muối <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></mfenced></math> trong hỗn hợp là</p>
<p>A. 35,2% và 64,8%<span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span>B. 70,4% và 29,6%</p>
<p>C. 85,49% và 14,51%<span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span>C. 17,6% và 82,5%</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>hướng dẫn giải:</strong></span></p>
<p>Chọn B.<span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span>Đặt số mol của <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mi>v</mi><mi>à</mi><mo> </mo><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math>lần lượt là x mol và y mol</p>
<p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>⇒</mo><mn>100</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>84</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>84</mn><mfenced><mo>*</mo></mfenced></math></p>
<p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>+</mo><mo> </mo><mn>2</mn><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>l</mi><mo> </mo><mo>→</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>+</mo><mo> </mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>↑</mo><mo> </mo><mo>+</mo><mo> </mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mfenced><mn>1</mn></mfenced><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mi>x</mi><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo>→</mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mi>x</mi></math></p>
<p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false"> </span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>+</mo><mo> </mo><mn>2</mn><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>l</mi><mo> </mo><mo>→</mo><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo> </mo><mo>+</mo><mo> </mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>↑</mo><mo> </mo><mo>+</mo><mo> </mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mfenced><mn>2</mn></mfenced><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mi>y</mi><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo>→</mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mi>y</mi></math></p>
<p>Từ (1) và (2) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>⇒</mo><mo> </mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>672</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>22</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo> </mo><mfenced><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>*</mo></mrow></mfenced></math>.</p>
<p>Giải hệ (*) và (**) ta được <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>02</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>01</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p>
<p>Thành phần phần trăm khối lượng mỗi muối trong hỗn hợp </p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>%</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub><mo> </mo><mo>=</mo><mo> </mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>02</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>100</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>84</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>70</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>42</mn><mo>%</mo><mo>;</mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo> </mo><mo>%</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>70</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>42</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>29</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>58</mn><mo>%</mo></math></p>
Giải bài tập 3 (trang 119, SGK Hóa học 12)
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GV colearn
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