Bài 26: Kim loại kiềm thổ và hợp chất quan trọng của kim loại kiềm thổ
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 3 (Trang 119 SGK Hóa học 12)
<p>Cho 2,84 gam hỗn hợp&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math> t&aacute;c dụng hết với dung dịch HCl thấy bay ra 672ml kh&iacute;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math>(đktc). Phần trăm khối lượng của 2 muối&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></mfenced></math> trong hỗn hợp l&agrave;</p> <p>A. 35,2% v&agrave; 64,8%<span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>B. 70,4% v&agrave; 29,6%</p> <p>C. 85,49% v&agrave; 14,51%<span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>C. 17,6% v&agrave; 82,5%</p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>hướng dẫn giải:</strong></span></p> <p>Chọn B.<span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Đặt số mol của&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>&#224;</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math>lần lượt l&agrave; x mol v&agrave; y mol</p> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mn>100</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>84</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>84</mn><mfenced><mo>*</mo></mfenced></math></p> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>l</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#8593;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mn>1</mn></mfenced><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi></math></p> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>l</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#8593;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mn>2</mn></mfenced><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>y</mi></math></p> <p>Từ (1) v&agrave; (2)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>672</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>22</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>*</mo></mrow></mfenced></math>.</p> <p>Giải hệ (*) v&agrave; (**) ta được&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>02</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>01</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p>Th&agrave;nh phần phần trăm khối lượng mỗi muối trong hỗn hợp&nbsp;</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>%</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>02</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>100</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>84</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>70</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>42</mn><mo>%</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>%</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>70</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>42</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>29</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>58</mn><mo>%</mo></math></p>
Giải bài tập 3 (trang 119, SGK Hóa học 12)
GV: GV colearn
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Giải bài tập 3 (trang 119, SGK Hóa học 12)
GV: GV colearn