Bài 26: Kim loại kiềm thổ và hợp chất quan trọng của kim loại kiềm thổ
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 5 (Trang 119 SGK Hóa học 12)
<p>Cho 2,8 g CaO t&aacute;c dụng với một lượng nước lấy dư thu được dung dịch A. Sục 1,68 l&iacute;t <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> (đktc) v&agrave;o dung dịch A, thu được kết tủa v&agrave; dung dịch B</p> <p>a) T&iacute;nh khối lượng kết tủa thu được</p> <p>b) Khi đun n&oacute;ng dung dịch B th&igrave; khối lượng kết tủa thu được tối đa l&agrave; bao nhi&ecirc;u</p> <p>Hướng dẫn giải:</p> <p>a)<span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>O</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><msub><mfenced><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></mfenced><mn>2</mn></msub><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow><mn>55</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>05</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>05</mn></math></p> <p>Ta c&oacute;:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>&#60;</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>-</mo></mrow></msub><msub><mi>n</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>05</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>075</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>33</mn><mo>&#60;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#8658;</mo></math>tạo 2 muối</p> <p>Đặt số mol của&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> tham gia hai phản ứng lần lượt l&agrave; x mol v&agrave; y mol</p> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><msub><mfenced><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></mfenced><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#8595;</mo><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi></math></p> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><msub><mfenced><mrow><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></mfenced><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><msub><mfenced><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></mfenced><mn>2</mn></msub><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>5</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>5</mn><mi>y</mi></math></p> <p>Ta c&oacute;: &nbsp;<span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mrow><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>075</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>5</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>05</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable><mo>&#8658;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>025</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>05</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <p>Khối lượng kết tủa thu được :&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>m</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>025</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>5</mn><mfenced><mi>g</mi></mfenced></math></p> <p>b) Đun n&oacute;ng phần nước lọc sau khi lọc bỏ kết tủa chứ kh&ocirc;ng phải đun n&oacute;ng dung dịch A</p> <p><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="mce-nbsp-wrap" contenteditable="false">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mo>&#8594;</mo><msup><mi>t</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>&#8595;</mo></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>&#8593;</mo></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>025</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>025</mn></math></p> <p>Khối lượng kết tủa thu được th&ecirc;m : m=0,025.100=2,5(g)</p> <p>Khối lượng kết tủa tối đa thu được :2,5 + 2,5=5(g)</p>
Giải bài tập 5 (trang 119, SGK Hóa học 12)
GV: GV colearn
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Giải bài tập 5 (trang 119, SGK Hóa học 12)
GV: GV colearn