Bài 3: Giải hệ phương trình bằng phương pháp thế
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 14 (Trang 15 SGK Toán Đại số 9, Tập 2)
<p>14. Giải c&aacute;c hệ phương tr&igrave;nh sau bằng phương ph&aacute;p thế:</p> <p>a) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>-</mo><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b)&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>-</mo><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>5</mn><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>4</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p><strong>Giải</strong></p> <p>a) Từ phương tr&igrave;nh thứ nhất ta c&oacute;: x<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mi>y</mi><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt><mo>.</mo></math> Thế v&agrave;o x trong phương tr&igrave;nh thứ hai ta được:</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>-</mo><mi>y</mi><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt><mo>.</mo><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt><mo>+</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>-</mo><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>-</mo><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8660;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac></math></p> <p>Từ đ&oacute; x=<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>-</mo><mo>(</mo><mfrac><mrow><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>)</mo><mo>.</mo><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>+</mo><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>.</mo></math> Vậy hệ phương tr&igrave;nh c&oacute; nghiệm&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>5</mn><mo>+</mo><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><msqrt><mn>5</mn></msqrt></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>)</mo><mo>.</mo></math></p> <p>b) Từ phương tr&igrave;nh thứ hai ta c&oacute;: y=<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>.</mo></math> Thế v&agrave;o y trong phương tr&igrave;nh thứ nhất ta được:</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>-</mo><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mo>)</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>5</mn><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8660;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>14</mn><mo>-</mo><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mo>)</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>14</mn><mo>-</mo><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mo>&#8660;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo></math></p> <p>Từ đ&oacute; y=<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mo>.</mo></math> Vậy hệ phương tr&igrave;nh c&oacute; nghiệm&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>;</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><msqrt><mn>3</mn></msqrt><mo>)</mo><mo>.</mo></math></p>
Hướng dẫn Giải Bài 14 (Trang 15, SGK Toán 9, Tập 2)
GV: GV colearn
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Hướng dẫn Giải Bài 14 (Trang 15, SGK Toán 9, Tập 2)
GV: GV colearn