Bài 1: Phương trình bậc nhất hai ẩn
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 1 (Trang 7 SGK Toán Đại số 9, Tập 2)
<p>Trong c&aacute;c cặp số (-2; 1), (0; 2); (-1; 0); (1,5; 3) v&agrave; (4; -3), cặp số n&agrave;o l&agrave; nghiệm của phương tr&igrave;nh:</p> <p>a) 5x + 4y = 8?&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b) 3x + 5y = -3?</p> <p><strong>Giải</strong></p> <p>a) Thay từng cặp số đ&atilde; cho v&agrave;o phương tr&igrave;nh 5x + 4y = 8, ta được:</p> <p><span style="font-size: 12px;">⚫&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 16px;">5(-2) + 4.1 = -10 + 4 = -6&nbsp;</span></span>&ne; <span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">8 n&ecirc;n cặp số (-2; 1) kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave; nghiệm của phương tr&igrave;nh.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">⚫&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 16px;">5.0 + 4.2 = 8 n&ecirc;n cặp số (0; 2) <span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">l&agrave; nghiệm của phương tr&igrave;nh.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">⚫&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 16px;">5.(-1) + 4.0 = -5&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>&ne; 8 <span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">n&ecirc;n (-1; 0) kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave; nghiệm của phương tr&igrave;nh.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">⚫&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 16px;">5.1,5 + 4.3 = 7,5 + 12 = 19,5 &ne; 8 <span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">n&ecirc;n (1,5; 3) kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave; nghiệm của phương tr&igrave;nh.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">⚫&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 16px;">5.4 + 4.(-3) = 20 - 12 = 8 n&ecirc;n (4; -3) <span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">l&agrave; nghiệm của phương tr&igrave;nh.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;">Vậy c&oacute; hai cặp số (0; 2) v&agrave; (4; -3) <span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">l&agrave; nghiệm của phương tr&igrave;nh 5x + 4y = 8.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">b) Với phương tr&igrave;nh 3x + 5y = -3:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12px;">⚫ <span style="font-size: 16px;">3(-2) + 5.1 = -6 + 5 = -1 </span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">&ne; -3 n&ecirc;n </span><span style="font-size: 16px;">(-2; 1) kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave; nghiệm của phương tr&igrave;nh.</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">⚫ <span style="font-size: 16px;">3.0 + 5.2 = 10 &ne; -3 n&ecirc;n (0; 2) kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave; nghiệm.</span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">⚫ <span style="font-size: 16px;">3.(-1) + 5.0 = -3</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">&nbsp;n&ecirc;n (-1; 0) l&agrave; nghiệm.</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">⚫ <span style="font-size: 16px;">3.1,5 + 5.3 = 4,5 + 15 = 19,5 &ne; -3 n&ecirc;n (1,5; 3) kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave; nghiệm.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">⚫ <span style="font-size: 16px;">3.4 + 5.(-3) = 12 - 15 = -3 n&ecirc;n (4; -3) l&agrave; nghiệm.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">Vậy c&oacute; hai cặp số (-1; 0) v&agrave; (4; -3) <span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">l&agrave; nghiệm của phương tr&igrave;nh 3x + 5y = -3.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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