Bài 2: Các phép tính với số hữu tỉ
Hướng dẫn Giải Bài 3 (Trang 16, SGK Toán 7, Tập 1, Bộ Chân trời sáng tạo)
<p><strong>B&agrave;i 3 (Trang 16, SGK To&aacute;n 7, Tập 1, Bộ Ch&acirc;n trời s&aacute;ng tạo):</strong></p> <p>Thay ? bằng dấu (&gt;, &lt;, =) th&iacute;ch hợp.</p> <p>a)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow><mn>8</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#8201;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mn>3</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo mathvariant="bold">?</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>;</mo></math></p> <p>b)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>13</mn></mrow><mn>22</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow><mn>22</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo mathvariant="bold">?</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow><mn>11</mn></mfrac><mo>;</mo></math></p> <p>c)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>6</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo mathvariant="bold">?</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>14</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow><mn>7</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>.</mo></math></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><em><strong>Hướng dẫn giải:</strong></em></span></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow><mn>8</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mn>3</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow><mn>8</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow><mn>8</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow><mn>8</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></math></p> <p>Vậy ta điền&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow><mn>8</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#8201;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mn>3</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo mathvariant="bold">=</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>;</mo></math></p> <p>b)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>13</mn></mrow><mn>22</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow><mn>22</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>18</mn></mrow><mn>22</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow><mn>11</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#60;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow><mn>11</mn></mfrac></math></p> <p>Vậy ta điền&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>13</mn></mrow><mn>22</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow><mn>22</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#60;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow><mn>11</mn></mfrac></math></p> <p>c)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>6</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mn>2</mn><mn>12</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow><mn>12</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow><mn>12</mn></mfrac></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>14</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow><mn>7</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>14</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow><mn>14</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow><mn>14</mn></mfrac></math></p> <p>Ta c&oacute;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow><mn>12</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#60;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow><mn>14</mn></mfrac></math></p> <p>Vậy ta điền&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>6</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow><mn>4</mn></mfrac></mfenced><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#60;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>14</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow><mn>7</mn></mfrac></mfenced></math>.</p>
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