Bài 4. Hai mặt phẳng song song
Hướng dẫn giải Hoạt động 2 (Trang 65 SGK Toán Hình học 11)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề b&agrave;i</strong></p> <p>Cho tứ diện <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></math>. H&atilde;y dựng mặt phẳng <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&alpha;</mi></mfenced></math>&nbsp;qua trung điểm <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>I</mi></math>&nbsp;của đoạn &nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mi>A</mi></math>v&agrave; song song với mặt phẳng <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfenced></math>.</p> <p><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2018/0915/bai-4-trang-65.PNG" alt="" width="201" height="224" /></p> <p class="content_method_header"><strong class="content_method">Phương ph&aacute;p giải&nbsp;</strong></p> <div class="content_method_content"> <p><em><strong>C&aacute;ch 1</strong></em>: X&aacute;c định mp <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&alpha;</mi></mfenced></math>:</p> <p>Gọi c&aacute;c giao điểm của <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&alpha;</mi></mfenced></math>&nbsp;với c&aacute;c cạnh <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>S</mi><mi>C</mi></math><span id="MathJax-Element-8-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 21.78px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>.</mo></math></span></span>&nbsp;Chỉ ra đặc điểm v&agrave; x&aacute;c định vị tr&iacute; của c&aacute;c giao điểm ấy.</p> <p><em><strong>C&aacute;ch 2</strong></em>: Lấy K, L l&agrave; trung điểm của SB, SC. Chứng minh:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&alpha;</mi></mfenced><mo>&equiv;</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>K</mi><mi>L</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></p> </div> <p><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p> <p><strong>C&aacute;ch 1:</strong></p> <p>Gọi <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>K</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>L</mi></math>&nbsp;lần lượt l&agrave; giao của mp <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&alpha;</mi></mfenced></math> với c&aacute;c cạnh&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>S</mi><mi>C</mi></math>&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-12-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 21.78px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;B&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>.</mo></math></span></span></p> <p>Ta c&oacute;:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&alpha;</mi></mfenced><mo>∥</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfenced><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mo>&rArr;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>I</mi><mi>K</mi><mo>∥</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>&sup;</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>I</mi><mi>L</mi><mo>∥</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>&sup;</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>C</mi></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mo>&rArr;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>I</mi><mi>K</mi><mo>∥</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>I</mi><mi>L</mi><mo>∥</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>C</mi></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p>M&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>I</mi></math>&nbsp;l&agrave; trung điểm của <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mi>A</mi></math><span id="MathJax-Element-16-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 21.78px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>.</mo></math></span></span></p> <p><span id="MathJax-Element-17-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 21.78px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;&amp;#x21D2;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;{&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtable columnalign=&quot;left&quot; rowspacing=&quot;4pt&quot; columnspacing=&quot;1em&quot;&gt;&lt;mtr&gt;&lt;mtd&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;l&amp;#xE0; trung &amp;#x111;i&amp;#x1EC3;m c&amp;#x1EA1;nh SB&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mtd&gt;&lt;/mtr&gt;&lt;mtr&gt;&lt;mtd&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mspace width=&quot;thickmathspace&quot; /&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;l&amp;#xE0; trung &amp;#x111;i&amp;#x1EC3;m c&amp;#x1EA1;nh SC&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mtd&gt;&lt;/mtr&gt;&lt;/mtable&gt;&lt;mo fence=&quot;true&quot; stretchy=&quot;true&quot; symmetric=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&rArr;</mo><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>K</mi><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mi>l</mi><mi>&agrave;</mi><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mi>đ</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>ể</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>ạ</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>h</mi><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mi>S</mi><mi>B</mi></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>I</mi><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mi>l</mi><mi>&agrave;</mi><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mi>đ</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>ể</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>ạ</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>h</mi><mo>&nbsp;</mo><mi>S</mi><mi>C</mi></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></span></p> <p>Vậy mp <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&alpha;</mi></mfenced></math>&nbsp;ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; mp <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mrow><mi>I</mi><mi>K</mi><mi>L</mi></mrow></mfenced></math><span id="MathJax-Element-19-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 21.78px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>.</mo></math></span></span></p> <p><strong>C&aacute;ch 2:</strong></p> <p>Mặt phẳng <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&alpha;</mi></mfenced></math>&nbsp;l&agrave; mặt phẳng đi qua 3 trung điểm <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>I</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>K</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>L</mi></math>&nbsp;của&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mi>A</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>S</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>S</mi><mi>C</mi></math></p> <p>Thật vậy, gọi <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>K</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>L</mi></math> lần lượt l&agrave; trung điểm của <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>S</mi><mi>C</mi></math></p> <p>Suy ra <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>I</mi><mi>K</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>K</mi><mi>L</mi></math> lần lượt l&agrave; đường trung b&igrave;nh trong tam gi&aacute;c&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></math>&nbsp;v&agrave;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></math></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>I</mi><mi>K</mi><mo>∥</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>&isin;</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>&rArr;</mo><mi>I</mi><mi>K</mi><mo>∥</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfenced><mspace linebreak="newline"></mspace><mi>K</mi><mi>L</mi><mo>∥</mo><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi><mo>&isin;</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>&rArr;</mo><mi>K</mi><mi>L</mi><mo>∥</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <p>&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>I</mi><mi>K</mi></math> v&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>K</mi><mi>L</mi></math>&nbsp;cắt nhau v&agrave; c&ugrave;ng song song với mp&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <p>&rArr; Mặt phẳng chứa <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>I</mi><mi>K</mi></math>&nbsp;v&agrave; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>K</mi><mi>L</mi></math>&nbsp;song song với mp&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <p>Hay&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced><mi>&alpha;</mi></mfenced><mo>∥</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></p>
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