Bài 4. Các tập hợp số đã học
Hướng dẫn Giải bài 1 (Trang 18, SGK Toán 10, Tập 1)
<p><strong>C&acirc;u hỏi</strong>: X&aacute;c định c&aacute;c tập hợp sau v&agrave; biểu diễn ch&uacute;ng tr&ecirc;n trục số</p> <p>a)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>[</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8746;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>]</mo><mo>;</mo></math></p> <p>b)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>]</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8746;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>[</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>;</mo></math></p> <p>c)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>15</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8746;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>)</mo><mo>;</mo></math></p> <p>d)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mn>4</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8746;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>[</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>;</mo></math></p> <p>e)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8746;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p><strong>Hướng dẫn giải:</strong></p> <p>a)&nbsp;</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>[</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>{</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>|</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#8804;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8804;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>}</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>]</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>{</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>|</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#60;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8804;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>}</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8658;</mo><mo>[</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8746;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>]</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>{</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>|</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#8804;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#60;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>h</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>&#7863;</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#60;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8804;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>}</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>{</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8712;</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>|</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8804;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&#8804;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>}</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>[</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>]</mo></math></p> <p>Biểu diễn [&ndash;3; 4] tr&ecirc;n trục số:</p> <p><img class="wscnph" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/25022022/6a4b69be-4b63-4df6-8d62-483c441f4823.JPG" /></p> <p>b)</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>]</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8746;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>[</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>[</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>]</mo></math></p> <p>Biểu diễn [-1 ; 2] tr&ecirc;n trục số:</p> <p><img class="wscnph" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/25022022/612a8423-9176-47cb-bffe-b31509358548.JPG" /></p> <p>c) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>15</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8746;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>Biểu diễn <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>)</mo></math> tr&ecirc;n trục số:</p> <p><img class="wscnph" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/25022022/135dfc37-f9fa-437c-a04e-2024f2edfcfd.JPG" /></p> <p>d)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mn>4</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8746;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>[</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>[</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>Biểu diễn [-1 ; 2) tr&ecirc;n trục số:</p> <p><img class="wscnph" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/25022022/37119eec-5f9a-4a64-86a8-5b6dc51e4bca.JPG" /></p> <p>e)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8746;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>Biểu diễn&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>(</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#8734;</mo><mo>)</mo></math> tr&ecirc;n trục số:</p> <p><img class="wscnph" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/25022022/f1a1d3ad-b25c-4a34-b8de-f5ad1dfb3a60.JPG" /></p>
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