Bài 6: Bài tập vận dụng định luật Ôm
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 3 (Trang 18 SGK Vật lý lớp 9)
<p>Cho mạch điện c&oacute; sơ đồ&nbsp; nhưu h&igrave;nh 6.3 trong đ&oacute; R<sub>1</sub>=15<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>&#937;</mi></math>, R<sub>2</sub>=R<sub>3</sub>=30<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>&#937;</mi></math>, U<sub>AB</sub>=12V</p> <p>a, T&iacute;nh điện trở tương đương cuả đoạn mạch AB</p> <p>b, T&iacute;nh cường độ d&ograve;ng điện của mỗi điện trở</p> <p><img class="wscnph" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/01032022/4c32d861-e08f-408a-8280-c443cdccdf88.PNG" /></p> <p>T&oacute;m tắt:</p> <p>Đ&atilde; cho&nbsp; &nbsp; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>15</mn><mi>&#937;</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>30</mn><mi>&#937;</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><msub><mi>U</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>12</mn><mi>V</mi></math></p> <p>Cần t&igrave;m:&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mo>?</mo><mi>&#937;</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi>b</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>;</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mo>?</mo><mi>A</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mo>?</mo><mi>A</mi></math></p> <p>Trả lời:</p> <p>Điện trở tương đương của đoạn mạch AB l&agrave;:</p> <ul> <li style="list-style-type: none;"> <ul> <li>Điện trwor tương đương của đoạn mạch MB l&agrave;:</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>30</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>30</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>30</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>30</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>15</mn><mi>&#937;</mi></math></p> <ul> <li style="list-style-type: none;"> <ul> <li>Điện trở&nbsp; tương đươngcủa đoạn mạch AB l&agrave;:</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>15</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>15</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>30</mn></math>&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>&#937;</mi></math></p> <p>b, Cường độ d&ograve;ng điện chạy qua mạch ch&iacute;nh l&agrave;:</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>U</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>12</mn><mn>30</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>Cường độ d&ograve;ng điện qua điện trở R<sub>1</sub> l&agrave;:</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>A</mi></math></p> <p>Cường độ d&ograve;ng điện qua mạch ch&iacute;nh l&agrave;:</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>U</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>12</mn><mn>30</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>A</mi></math></p> <p>Cường độ d&ograve;ng điện qua mỗi điện trở R<sub>2</sub> v&agrave; R<sub>3</sub> l&agrave;:</p> <p>Do&nbsp; &nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mn>23</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo></math>&nbsp; n&ecirc;n&nbsp; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mn>23</mn></msub><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#8658;</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mn>23</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>=</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>-</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>15</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>6</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>V</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>V&agrave;&nbsp; &nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>U</mi><mn>23</mn></msub><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>6</mn><mn>30</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p> <ul> <li>C&aacute;ch kh&aacute;c&nbsp;</li> </ul> <p>Cường độ d&ograve;ng điện qua c&aacute;c điện trở R<sub>1</sub>, R<sub>2</sub>,R<sub>3</sub> l&agrave;:</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>U</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>12</mn><mn>30</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/></math></p> <p>M&agrave;&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>23</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>Do&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>R</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math> n&ecirc;n&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></p> <p>Vậy&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>23</mn></msub><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>23</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p style="padding-left: 120px;">Đ&aacute;p số :&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>30</mn><mi>&#937;</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>I</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <hr /> <p>&nbsp;</p>
Hướng Dẫn Giải Bài 3 ( Trang 18 - SGK Vật Lí 9)
GV: GV colearn
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Hướng Dẫn Giải Bài 3 ( Trang 18 - SGK Vật Lí 9)
GV: GV colearn