Bài 23. Định luật Hooke
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 1 (Trang 143 SGK Vật lý 10, Bộ Chân trời sáng tạo)
<p>&nbsp;Một học sinh thực hiện th&iacute; nghiệm đo độ cứng của một l&ograve; xo bằng c&aacute;ch treo một đầu của một l&ograve; xo thẳng đứng v&agrave;o một điểm cố định, đầu kia của l&ograve; xo được buộc lần lượt v&agrave;o nhiều vật c&oacute; trọng lượng kh&aacute;c nhau. Học sinh n&agrave;y đo được c&aacute;c chiều d&agrave;i của l&ograve; xo như trong bảng.</p> <p>a) H&atilde;y điền v&agrave;o c&aacute;c chỗ trống trong bảng.</p> <p>b) Vẽ đồ thị biểu diễn sự phụ thuộc của độ d&atilde;n l&ograve; xo theo lực t&aacute;c dụng v&agrave;o l&ograve; xo. T&iacute;nh độ cứng của l&ograve; xo d&ugrave;ng trong th&iacute; nghiệm.</p> <p><img class="wscnph" style="max-width: 100%;" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/22062022/3cf50f0b-f701-47ca-a688-5ef6f84aefc9.PNG" /></p> <p><strong>Lời giải chi tiết:</strong></p> <p>a) Ta c&oacute;:&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-5-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-size: 19.36px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; color: #000000; font-family: OpenSans, Tahoma, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;&gt;&amp;#x0394;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;004&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;50&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-81" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-82" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-83" class="mjx-mi"></span></span></span></span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi></mi><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>K</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>F</mi><mrow><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>l</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>004</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>50</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></mfenced></math><mfenced><mrow><mi></mi></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <p>+ Khi F = 0,3 N =&gt;&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-6-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-size: 19.36px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; color: #000000; font-family: OpenSans, Tahoma, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi mathvariant=&quot;normal&quot;&gt;&amp;#x0394;&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;50&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;006&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-112" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-113" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-114" class="mjx-mi"></span></span></span></span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo></mo><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>l</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>F</mi><mi>K</mi></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow><mn>50</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>006</mn><mfenced><mi>m</mi></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mn>6</mn><mfenced><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></mfenced></math><mfenced><mrow><mi></mi></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <p>+ Khi F = 0,5 N, &Delta;l = 10 mm = 0,01 m =&gt; l = 10 + 50 = 60 mm</p> <p>+ Khi F = 0,8 N =&gt;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo></mo><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>l</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>F</mi><mi>K</mi></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow><mn>50</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>016</mn><mfenced><mi>m</mi></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mn>16</mn><mfenced><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></mfenced></math><mfenced><mrow><mi></mi></mrow></mfenced></math></p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 33.4812%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center">Trọng lượng (N)</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.4812%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center">Chiều d&agrave;i (mm)</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.0377%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center">Độ d&atilde;n (mm)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.4812%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center">0</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.4812%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center">50</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.0377%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center">0</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.4812%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center">0,2</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.4812%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center">54</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.0377%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center">4</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.4812%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center">0,3</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.4812%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center">56</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.0377%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center"><strong>6</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.4812%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center">0,5</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.4812%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center"><strong>60</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 33.0377%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center">10</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.4812%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center">0,8</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.4812%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center">66</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.0377%;" valign="top" width="208"> <p align="center"><strong>16</strong></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>b)</p> <p><img class="wscnph" style="max-width: 100%;" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/22062022/c049f5ca-732e-42e2-b6c9-93bb4a61f82e.PNG" /></p> <p>Độ cứng của l&ograve; xo trong th&iacute; nghiệm l&agrave;:&nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>K</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mi>F</mi><mrow><mo>&#8710;</mo><mi>l</mi></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>004</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>50</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mfenced><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>m</mi></mrow></mfenced></math></p>
Bài 1 (Trang 143- CTST 10)
GV: GV colearn
Xem lời giải bài tập khác cùng bài
Video hướng dẫn giải bài tập
Bài 1 (Trang 143- CTST 10)
GV: GV colearn