Bài 4: Diện Tích Hình Thang
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 28 (Trang 126 SGK Toán Hình học 8, Tập 1)
<p><strong class="content_question">Đề b&agrave;i</strong></p> <p>Xem h&igrave;nh&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;142&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>142</mn></math></span></span>&nbsp;(<span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;U&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-4" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-5" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-6" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">I</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-7" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">G</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-8" class="mjx-texatom"><span id="MJXc-Node-9" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-10" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">/</span></span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-11" class="mjx-texatom"><span id="MJXc-Node-12" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-13" class="mjx-mo"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R">/</span></span></span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-14" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">F</span></span><span id="MJXc-Node-15" class="mjx-mi"><span class="mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I">U</span></span></span></span></span>). H&atilde;y đọc t&ecirc;n một số h&igrave;nh c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng diện t&iacute;ch với h&igrave;nh b&igrave;nh h&agrave;nh&nbsp;<span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 16.94px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;I&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span class="MJX_Assistive_MathML" role="presentation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>F</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>G</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>.</mo></math></span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p><img src="https://img.loigiaihay.com/picture/2018/0716/b28-trang-126-sgk-toan-8-t-1-c2.jpg" /></p> <p><strong class="content_detail">Lời giải chi tiết</strong></p> <p><span class="content_detail">Gọi h l&agrave; chiều cao từ I đến FE th&igrave; h cũng l&agrave; chiều cao từ I đến FU<br />+) Nhận thấy FIGE, IGRE, IGUR l&agrave; c&aacute;c h&igrave;nh b&igrave;nh h&agrave;nh (do c&oacute; 1 cặp cạnh song song v&agrave; bằng nhau)<br />N&ecirc;n ta c&oacute;:<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>I</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>h</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>h</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>R</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>h</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>U</mi></mstyle></math><br />M&agrave; FE=ER=RU<br />N&ecirc;n <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>I</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>R</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>h</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>F</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mstyle></math><br />+) Ta c&oacute; FR=EU=2FE n&ecirc;n:<br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>R</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>h</mi><mo>&#8901;</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8901;</mo><mi>h</mi><mo>&#8901;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#8901;</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>h</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi></mstyle></math><br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>U</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>h</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>&#8901;</mo><mi>h</mi><mo>&#8901;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#8901;</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>h</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi></mstyle></math><br /><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><mo>&#8658;</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>R</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>U</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>I</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>h</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>F</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mstyle></math><br />Vậy <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mstyle displaystyle="false"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>I</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>R</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>I</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>F</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>R</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>&#8290;</mo><mi>U</mi></mrow></msub></mstyle></math><br /></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
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