Bài 27: Nhôm và hợp chất của nhôm
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 6 (Trang 129 SGK Hóa học 12)
<p>Cho 100 ml dung dịch AlCl<sub>3</sub> 1M t&aacute;c dụng với 200 ml dung dịch NaOH. Kết tủa tạo th&agrave;nh được l&agrave;m kh&ocirc; v&agrave; nung đến khối lượng kh&ocirc;ng đổi c&acirc;n nặng 2,55 gam. T&iacute;nh nồng độ mol của dung dịch NaOH ban đầu.</p> <p><strong>Giải</strong></p> <p>Nung kết tủa:&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><mi>Al</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>OH</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mo>&#8594;</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi><mo>&#8728;</mo></msup></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>Al</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>05</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8592;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>025</mn><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>55</mn></mrow><mn>102</mn></mfrac></math></p> <p>Ta c&oacute;:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mrow><mi>Al</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>OH</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>05</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#60;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><msub><mi>AlCl</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>mol</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>.</mo></math> C&oacute; hai trường hợp:</p> <p><span style="font-size: 8px;">&nbsp;⚫</span> <em>Trường hợp 1</em>: AlCl<sub>3</sub> dư <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo></math> NaOH thiếu</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>AlCl</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>NaOH</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>Al</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>OH</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#8595;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>NaCl</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>15</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8592;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>05</mn></math></p> <p>Nồng độ mol/l&iacute;t của dung dịch NaOH:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi><mi>NaOH</mi></msub></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>15</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>75</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>.</mo></math></p> <p><span style="font-size: 8px;">&nbsp;⚫</span> <em>Trường hợp 2</em>: AlCl<sub>3</sub> thiếu&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo></math>NaOH dư</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>AlCl</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>NaOH</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mi>Al</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>OH</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#8595;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>NaCl</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi>Al</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>OH</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>NaOH</mi><mi>d&#432;</mi></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>NaAlO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></math></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; (0,1-0,05) = 0,05&nbsp; &nbsp; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8594;</mo></math> 0,05</p> <p>Nồng độ mol/l&iacute;t của dung dịch NaOH:&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi><mi>NaOH</mi></msub></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>05</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>75</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">M</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>.</mo></math></p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
Xem lời giải bài tập khác cùng bài