Bài 28: Luyện tập: Tính chất của kim loại kiềm, kim loại kiềm thổ và hợp chất của chúng
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 4 (Trang 132 SGK Hóa học 12)
<p>C&oacute; 28,1 gam hỗn hợp MgCO<sub>3</sub> v&agrave; BaCO<sub>3,&nbsp;</sub>trong đ&oacute; MgCO<sub>3&nbsp;</sub>chiếm a% khối lượng. Cho hỗn hợp tr&ecirc;n t&aacute;c dụng hết với dung dịch axit HCl để lấy kh&iacute; CO<sub>2</sub> rồi đem sục v&agrave;o dung dịch c&oacute; chứa 0,2 mol Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> được kết tủa B. T&iacute;nh a để kết tủa B thu được l&agrave; lớn nhất.</p> <p><strong>Giải</strong></p> <p>Kết tủa lớn nhất khi v&agrave; chỉ khi <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><msup><mi>OH</mi><mo>-</mo></msup></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><msub><mi>CO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></msub></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8658;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><msub><mi>CO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mrow><mi>Ca</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>OH</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>mol</mi></math></p> <p>Đặt số mol của MgCO<sub>3</sub> v&agrave; BaCO<sub>3&nbsp;</sub>lần lượt l&agrave; x mol v&agrave; y mol.</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>84</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>197</mn><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>28</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>MgCO</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>HCl</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><msub><mi>MgCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>CO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#8593;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><msub><mi>BaCO</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>HCl</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><msub><mi>BaCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>CO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#8593;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">y</mi></math></p> <p>Từ (1) v&agrave; (2)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo>*</mo><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>Giải hệ (*) v&agrave; (**) ta được&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi mathvariant="normal">y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p>Ta c&oacute;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>%</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><msub><mi>MgCO</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi><mo>%</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>84</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>100</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>28</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>29</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>89</mn><mo>%</mo><mo>.</mo></math></p>
Hướng dẫn Giải Bài 4 (Trang 132, SGK Hóa học 12)
GV: GV colearn
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Hướng dẫn Giải Bài 4 (Trang 132, SGK Hóa học 12)
GV: GV colearn